甑皮岩洞穴空气环境因子变化及其对遗址文化层的影响  

Changes of air environmental factors in Zengpiyan cave site and its influence on the cultural layers

作　　者：张鹏 郭芳[2] 姜光辉 刘凡[2] 荆宝坤 ZHANG Peng;GUO Fang;JIANG Guanghui;LIU Fan;JING Baokun(Hunan Province Geological Disaster Survey and Monitoring Institute,Changsha,Hunan 410004,China;Institute of Karst Geology,CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics,MNR&GZAR,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Guangxi University,Nanning,Guangxi 530004,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省地质灾害调查监测所,湖南长沙410004 [2]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室,广西桂林541004 [3]广西大学土木建筑工程学院,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2024年第5期1007-1019,共13页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB24010054);国家自然科学基金(42272303;42172287);桂林岩溶地质广西野外科学观测研究站(科研能力建设)(桂科23-026-274)。

摘　　要：甑皮岩古人类遗址洞穴内原始文化层的保存是遗址保护的重中之重。为了解洞内空气环境因子变化及其对遗址文化层风化的影响,选择洞穴温度、湿度以及二氧化碳(CO_(2))等环境因子进行为期一个水文年的观测。结果发现洞内空气环境因子随季节呈现三个阶段的变化:冬季温湿度低,变幅大,洞底CO_(2)不累积;夏季温湿度高,变幅小且稳定,CO_(2)在洞底累积;春秋为两者过渡阶段。空间上,温湿度随着洞穴深度的变化而呈现渐进式变化。CO_(2)在洞穴东部有着高浓度带状的分布区域,表明水洞是主洞CO_(2)的重要来源。综合分析认为通风效应、洞穴形态、旅游活动等是影响洞穴空气环境变化的重要因素。观察并结合X射线衍射分析发现,近洞口、水洞连接处、洞穴中段、洞底以及探方上下部等各处文化层之间,有明显的风化程度差异,与空气环境因子的时空变化有关。如洞底探方上部文化层溶蚀空洞较多,主要是由于水蒸气在上部堆积,易凝结溶蚀并带走文化层易溶组分;洞口文化层胶结物松散粉化,与洞口空气温度变幅较大、干湿交替频繁有关。本研究掌握了具有浅平开阔洞口特征的甑皮岩遗址主要环境因子的时空变化,探讨了可能的影响因素和对文化层风化的影响,为洞穴遗址更好的保护和利用提供了科学依据。The Zengpiyan cave site is a significant Neolithic cave site in Southern China,yielding complete human skeletal fossils as well as artifacts related to the diet and tools of ancient human inhabitants.This cave site provides essential evidence for understanding human activities in Southern China between 12,000 and 7,000 years ago.The cave system at the site consists of three distinct areas:the main cave,the water cave,and the low cave.The main cave retains an intact original cultural layer,featuring clear stratigraphic sequences.Cultural layers,representing the area where artifacts are preserved within the cave site,embody the most important cultural content of the site.Previous research on karst caves has shown that temperature,relative humidity,and carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentrations inside the cave exhibit markedly different temporal and spatial variations compared to the outside environment.These factors influence the formation and degradation of carbonate deposits such as stalactites.To understand the temporal and spatial variations of air environmental factors within the Zengpiyan cave site and their influence on the weathering of cultural layers,this study acts as a crucial supplement and extension to the environmental research on the Zengpiyan cave site,with a particular emphasis on the microenvironment of the cultural layers of the cave.The study specifically examines environmental factors such as cave temperature,relative humidity,and CO_(2) concentrations.A hydrological year-long observation was conducted in Zengpiyan cave with the use of various air monitoring devices,along with the sampling and analysis of cultural layer deposits from different excavation units.The results reveal that the air environmental factors inside the cave exhibit three distinct seasonal stages:in winter,both temperature and humidity are low with large fluctuations,and CO_(2) does not accumulate at the cave floor.In contrast,summer,brings high temperature and humidity with small and stable variations,resulting in CO_(2) accumu

关 键 词：洞穴遗址 空气环境 文化层风化 CO_(2) 甑皮岩 

分 类 号：P642.25[天文地球—工程地质学]