基于多元种植方式下水稻植株体内氮元素的积累研究  

Study on the accumulation of nitrogen elements in rice plants under multiple planting methods

作　　者：胡俊芳 时红 HU Junfang;SHI Hong(Jiangxi Provincial Ganfu Plain Water Conservancy Engineering Administration Bureau,Nanchang Jiangxi,330096,China;Jiangxi Irrigation Experiment Central Station,Nanchang Jiangxi,330201,China;East China University of Technology,Nanchang Jiangxi,330013,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省赣抚平原水利工程管理局,江西南昌330096 [2]江西省灌溉试验中心站,江西南昌330201 [3]东华理工大学,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《江西水利科技》2024年第6期413-419,共7页Jiangxi Hydraulic Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31960377)。

摘　　要：研究旨在探讨不同种植方式对水稻植株氮素积累的影响,以期为双季稻水氮科学管理提供理论和技术支撑。采用大田试验的方法,于2020—2021年开展了为期2年的田间试验,试验设置4个处理:直播(DS)、机插秧(MT)、抛秧(ST)、手工移栽(HT),研究多元种植方式下水稻秧田期(播种—移栽)、大田期(移栽—收割)、全生育期(播种—收割)植株地上部分氮素分布与积累特征。结果表明:早﹑晚稻秧田期、大田期、全生育期水稻植株地上部分吸氮量和谷草比均以HT方式最高,DS最低;早稻HT处理的谷草比较ST﹑MT﹑DS分别增加0.21%-7.82%﹑4.75%-24.05%﹑48.34%-63.27%,晚稻分别增加37.76%-78.05%﹑12.77%-12.31%﹑21.23%-39.40%;早﹑晚稻的籽粒收获指数和氮素收获指数均以HT方式最高,DS最低,且DS与其他处理间的差异均达到显著性水平。综上,DS会降低双季稻植株氮素的吸收,HT更有利于提高氮素的利用效率,四种种植方式间氮素积累与利用的差异为水稻生产可持续发展提供了理论参考。The study aims to explore the accumulation of nitrogen in rice plants by different planting methods,and in order to provide theoretical and technical support for the scientific management of water nitrogen in double-cropping rice.A two-year field experiment was conducted from 2020 to 2021,consisting of four treatments:direct seeding(DS),machine transplanting(MT),seedling-throwing(ST),and hand transplanting(HT),and the change characteristics of nitrogen distribution and accumulation in rice seedling stage(from sowing to transplanting),field stage(from transplanting to harvesting)and whole growth period(from sowing to harvesting)were studied under multiple planting methods.The results showed that the grain-straw ratio and nitrogen absorption of above-ground plant parts of HT was the largest after the early and late rice harvest in the rice seedling stage,the field stage and the whole growth period,but DS was the least.In early rice,HT was higher than ST and MT and DS by 0.21%-7.82%4.75%-24.05%48.34%-63.27%respectively;but the late rice was higher by 37.76%-78.05%﹑12.77%-12.31%﹑21.23%-39.40%.moreover,the grain harvest index(GHI)and nitrogen harvest index(NHI)of early and late rice were the largest by HT and the smallest by DS,and there were significant differences between HT,MT,ST and DS.Above all,DS will reduce the absorption of nitrogen in double cropping rice plants,and HT is more conducive to improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen,and the difference of nitrogen accumulation and utilization among the four planting methods provides a theoretical reference for the sustainable development of rice production.

关 键 词：多元种植方式 氮素 水稻 积累 利用效率 

分 类 号：S35[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]