国家公园科学保护内涵与弹性管理策略  

The scientific conservation principles and adaptive management strategies of national parks

作　　者：唐小平 邱胜荣 蒋亚芳 张博琳 白玲 TANG Xiaoping;QIU Shengrong;JIANG Yafang;ZHANG Boin;BAI Ling(Institute of National Parks,National Forestry and Grassland Administration&Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;Academy of Forest Inventory and Planning,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100714,China)

机构地区：[1]国家林业和草原局中国科学院国家公园研究院,北京100085 [2]国家林业和草原局林草调查规划院,北京100714

出　　处：《国家公园（中英文）》2024年第10期650-659,共10页Natinonal Park

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72241416)。

摘　　要：国家公园是展示生态风采、人与自然和谐和国家形象的重要窗口,肩负着保护生物多样性、提供生态系统服务和促进可持续发展的重要使命。当前面临生态压力增加、管理效率不足和多方利益冲突等挑战。梳理了科学保护的内涵,提出了精准度、适应度和协同度3个科学保护的评价维度:基于国家公园管理目标,提出了以“监测-评估-调整”为核心的弹性管理框架,作为科学保护的有效工具,以应对国家公园复杂多变的生态与社会情境。按此框架提出了现阶段国家公园弹性管理的5个主要策略,包括管理体制、管控机制、利益相关者协同、生态规则、创新工具应用,成为提升国家公园科学管理与应对能力的关键。National parks are vital symbols of ecological splendor,human-nature harmony,and national identity.They play a crucial role in safeguarding biodiversity,delivering ecosystem services,and promoting sustainable development.However,they face mounting ecological pressures,management inefficiencies,and stakeholder conflicts.This article explores the principles of scientific conservation and introduces three key evaluative dimensions:precision,adaptability,and synergy.Grounded in the objectives of national park management,the article proposes a‘monitor-evaluate-adjust’approach as the foundation of an adaptive management framework.This framework is designed to address the dynamic ecological and social contexts within national parks.Building on this adaptive framework,the article outlines five key strategies for advancing national park management:strengthening governance structures,enhancing control mechanisms,fostering stakeholder collaboration,establishing robust ecological regulations,and leveraging innovative tools.These strategies are essential for improving the scientific rigor,adaptability,and effectiveness of national park management in addressing dynamic ecological and social challenges.

关 键 词：国家公园 自然保护地 科学保护 弹性管理 适应性保护 国家公园法 

分 类 号：X36[环境科学与工程—环境工程]