超声功率对化学镀Ni-W-P镀层微观结构及性能的影响  

Effect of Ultrasonic Power on the Microstructure and Properties of Electroless Ni-W-P Coating

作　　者：李杰[1] 王赫男[1] 李明升 冯长杰 张晨曦 LI Jie;WANG Henan;LI Mingsheng;FENG Changjie;ZHANG Chenxi(Shenyang Aerospace University,Shenyang 110136,China;Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳航空航天大学,沈阳110136 [2]广东工业大学,广州510006

出　　处：《表面技术》2024年第24期120-132,共13页Surface Technology

基　　金：兴辽英才计划项目(XLYC 2002031);沈航人才引进项目(19YB05)。

摘　　要：目的提高Ni-W-P镀层的耐磨性和耐蚀性。方法以NiSO_(4)·6H_(2)O和Na_(2)WO_(4)·2H_(2)O为主盐配制化学镀液,将Q235钢前处理后在可调功率的超声设备中进行化学镀以获得Ni-W-P镀层。通过显微硬度测试、摩擦磨损实验、电化学实验分别评价Ni-W-P镀层的硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性,通过扫描电子显微镜对表面、截面和磨痕形貌进行分析,通过X射线衍射仪分析镀层的物相组成。结果超声辅助化学镀可以细化晶粒、减少孔洞、提高镀层的致密性,降低镀层的磷含量,提高镀层的晶化程度,相同时间内可显著提高镀层厚度,但镀层与基体的结合强度会降低。超声功率75 W时:镀层厚度为不加超声的1.61倍;镀层最大硬度为674.80HV0.05;镀层的摩擦因数为0.38低于不加超声的摩擦因数0.47,且均低于Q235钢的摩擦因数0.58;磨损率为0.69×10^(-5)mm^(3)/(N·m)低于不加超声镀层的磨损率2.41×10^(-5)mm^(3)/(N·m),且均低于Q235钢的磨损率5.28×10^(-5)mm^(3)/(N·m);Q235钢的磨损失效形式为黏着磨损+磨粒磨损,Ni-W-P镀层的磨损失效形式为磨粒磨损+疲劳磨损;腐蚀电流密度2.23×10^(-7)A/cm^(2)低于不加超声的腐蚀电流密度2.21×10^(-6)A/cm^(2),均低于Q235钢的腐蚀电流密度2.08×10^(-5)A/cm^(2);腐蚀电位-0.362 V高于不加超声的-0.377 V,且均高于Q235钢的-0.611 V;镀层总电阻R_t为24338Ω·cm^(2)低于不加超声的10629Ω·cm^(2),且均高于Q235钢的592Ω·cm^(2),电化学极化测试结果与电化学阻抗测试结果表现出较好的一致性,样品耐蚀性显著提高。结论超声辅助化学镀可以细化晶粒、减少孔洞、提高镀层的致密性,降低镀层磷含量,提高镀层的晶化程度、硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性。但超声的引入会导致镀层与基体的结合强度下降。To improve the wear and corrosion resistance of Ni-W-P coatings,the work aims to investigate the effect of ultrasonic power on the microstructure and properties of electroless Ni-W-P coatings.The electroless solution was formulated with NiSO_(4)·6H_(2)O and Na_(2)WO_(4)as the main salts,and the Q235 steel was pre-treated and then chemically plated in the ultrasonic equipment with adjustable power in order to obtain the Ni-W-P coating.The hardness,wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the Ni-W-P coating were evaluated by microhardness test,friction wear test and electrochemical test,respectively.The surface,cross-section and abrasion morphology were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and the physical composition of the coating was analyzed by X-ray diffractometer.The experimental results showed that ultrasonic-assisted chemical plating could refine the grain,reduce the holes,improve the densification of the coating,reduce the phosphorus content of the coating,improve the degree of crystallization of the coating,and significantly increase the thickness of the coating within the same time.Scratch experimental tests showed that the ultrasonic power was in the range of 0-90 W,and the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate gradually decreased with the increase of ultrasonic power.When the ultrasonic power was 75 W:the thickness of the coating was 1.61 times of that under no ultrasound,the maximum hardness of the coating was 674.80HV0.05,the coefficient of friction of the plating was 0.38,lower than the coefficient of friction of 0.47 under no ultrasound and the both were lower than the coefficient of friction of 0.58 for Q235 steel.The wear rate of 0.69×10^(−5)mm^(3)/(Nm)was lower than that of 2.41×10^(−5)mm^(3)/(Nm)under no ultrasound,and the both were lower than that of 5.28×10^(−5)mm^(3)/(Nm)for Q235 steel.The wear failure mode of Q235 steel was adhesive wear+abrasive wear,and the wear failure mode of Ni-W-P coating was abrasive wear+fatigue wear.The corrosion current density of

关 键 词：化学镀 NI-W-P 超声功率 微观结构 耐磨性能 耐蚀性能 

分 类 号：TG147[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TB331[金属学及工艺—金属材料]