面向重大突发事件应急管理的事件知识图谱构建及场景应用  

Construction and Application of Event Knowledge Graph for Major Emergency Response Management

作　　者：周红磊 张海涛[1,2,3] 刘伟利 刘彦辉[1] Zhou Hongei;Zhang Haitao;Liu Weili;Liu Yanhui(School of Business and Management,Jilin University,Changchun 130012;Information Resource Research Center,Jilin University,Changchun 130012;Institute of National Development and Security Studies,Jilin University,Changchun 130012)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学商学与管理学院,长春130012 [2]吉林大学信息资源研究中心,长春130012 [3]吉林大学国家发展与安全研究院,长春130012

出　　处：《情报学报》2024年第12期1453-1466,共14页Journal of the China Society for Scientific and Technical Information

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“基于事理图谱的重大突发事件演变机制研究”(20ATQ005)。

摘　　要：探究重大突发事件的知识建模及应用场景,以事件为中心关联应急管理知识,有助于相关部门全面感知突发事件发生、发展态势,提升应急管理能力。本研究基于事件演变与属性关联的知识驱动视角,提出一种事件知识图谱的构建流程和方法体系,同时,给出相适用的应急管理服务场景。首先,通过事件知识建模设计事件知识图谱的模式层,将突发事件、承灾事件及应急管理事件知识相关联;其次,通过事件知识抽取、事件知识融合及事件知识存储等步骤,构建事件知识图谱数据层;最后,以暴雨类自然灾害突发事件为例进行验证,表明事件知识图谱不仅能够描述突发事件的类型、强度及其时空演变趋势,还能反映其如何作用于承灾载体以及在应急管理中发挥的实际效用,为突发事件的科学应对提供支撑。To explore knowledge modeling and applications in emergencies and associate emergency management knowl‐edge with events,this study aims to help relevant departments scientifically understand the occurrence and evolution of emergencies and improve emergency management capabilities.Based on a knowledge-driven perspective of event evolu‐tion and property association,this study proposes a process and methodology for constructing an event-knowledge graph.First,the schema layer of the event-knowledge graph is designed through event knowledge modeling,associating knowl‐edge of emergencies,disaster-bearing events,and response management events.Second,the data layer of the event-knowl‐edge graph is constructed through steps including event knowledge extraction,fusion,and memory.Finally,the study de‐velops an example of an event-knowledge graph for heavy rainfall-related natural disasters and proposes applicable emer‐gency management service scenarios.An example validation of a natural storm disaster emergency was conducted.The re‐sults demonstrate that the event-knowledge graph not only describes the type and intensity of emergencies and their spatio‐temporal evolution trends but also illustrates their impact on disaster-bearing carriers and their practical utility in emergen‐cy management.This provides support for a scientific response to emergencies.

关 键 词：重大突发事件 事件知识图谱 应急管理 知识建模 知识抽取 

分 类 号：G353.1[文化科学—情报学] D63[政治法律—政治学]