基于赋能理论的维持性血液透析患者饮食管理模式构建及应用  

Application effect of diet management based on empowerment theory for patients with maintenance hemodialysis

作　　者：陈科威[1] 葛玉英[1] 魏伟[1] 王秋妹[1] 郑菊清[1] CHEN Kewei;GE Yuying;WEI Wei;WANG Qiumei;ZHENG Juqing(Hemodialysis Room,Hangzhou First People's Hospital,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310006,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州市第一人民医院血透室,浙江杭州310006

出　　处：《中华全科医学》2024年第12期2071-2074,2133,共5页Chinese Journal of General Practice

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金公益计划项目(LGF21H050003)。

摘　　要：目的本研究旨在评估基于赋能理论的饮食管理模式对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者营养状况和饮食治疗态度的改善效果,从而验证赋能理论在提升MHD患者自我管理能力和生活质量方面的有效性。方法回顾性分析2019年1月—2022年1月于杭州市第一人民医院接受治疗的130例MHD患者临床资料,根据患者干预方法分为赋能理论干预组(65例)和常规干预组(65例),其中常规干预组患者接受常规护理,赋能理论干预组患者接受基于赋能理论的饮食管理。比较2组改良主观全面营养评价表(MQSGN)评分、汉化版血液透析病人饮食治疗态度量表(ASDTH)评分、白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PAB)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血磷、血钙水平。结果干预后,赋能理论干预组MQSGN总分低于常规干预组[(18.41±4.78)分vs.(21.42±4.31)分,P<0.05],ASDTH总分高于常规干预组[(44.07±2.37)分vs.(38.46±2.54)分,P<0.05]。赋能理论干预组PAB、ALB、Hb水平高于常规干预组,血磷水平低于常规干预组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组血钙水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论基于赋能理论实施饮食管理有助于提高MHD患者饮食治疗依从性,改善患者营养状况。Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a dietary management model based on empowerment theory on the improvement of nutritional status and dietary treatment attitudes of maintenance haemodialysis(MHD)patients,so as to validate the effectiveness of empowerment theory in enhancing the self-management ability and quality of life of MHD patients.Methods The clinical data of 130 patients with MHD who were treated in Hangzhou First People's Hospital from January 2019 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into empowering theory intervention group(n=65)and routine intervention group(n=65)according to patient intervention.The patients in the routine intervention group received routine nursing,and the patients in the empowering theory intervention group received diet management based on empowerment theory.The modified quantitative subjective global assessment of nutrition(MQSGN)score,attitude scale for the dietary therapy of hemodialysis patients(ASDTH)score,albumin(ALB),prealbumin(PAB),hemoglobin(Hb),blood phosphorus and blood calcium were compared.Results The MQSGN score of the empowering theory intervention group was less than the routine intervention group[(18.41±4.78)points vs.(21.42±4.31)points,P<0.05].The ASDTH score of the empowering theory intervention group was higher than the routine intervention group[(44.07±2.37)points vs.(38.46±2.54)points,P<0.05].Compared with routine intervention group,the levels of PAB,ALB and Hb of empowering theory intervention group were increased,and blood phosphorus was decreased,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no difference in blood calcium between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Diet management based on empowerment theory for MHD patients can help improve compliance and nutritional status.

关 键 词：赋能理论 维持性血液透析 营养状况 饮食管理 

分 类 号：R459.5[医药卫生—治疗学] R692[医药卫生—临床医学]