重新掌权以来阿富汗塔利班的禁毒政策:动因、成效与挑战  

The Taliban's Counter-Narcotics Policy in Afghanistan Since Its Return to Power:Motivations,Effects,and Challenges

作　　者：申玉辉[1,2] 张伟 Shen Yuhui;Zhang Wei

机构地区：[1]西北大学中东研究所 [2]西北大学南亚研究中心

出　　处：《南亚研究季刊》2024年第4期136-153,160,共19页South Asian Studies Quarterly

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“阿富汗政治和解进程研究”(项目批准号:19CGJ023)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：2022年4月,重新掌权的阿富汗塔利班颁布毒品禁令,继2000年后第二次在全国施行禁毒。自身角色地位由反叛者到执政者的转变、宗教意识形态观念的内在驱使、国内严峻社会形势的现实需要,以及外部因素的综合作用,是阿塔二次禁毒的主要内外动因。两年多以来,阿塔在铲除罂粟与大麻种植、遏制化学合成毒品生产、打击毒品走私交易等方面取得显著成效。然而,禁毒行动也带来毒品市场动荡、农民生计备受冲击、国民经济大幅波动、地方抗议骚乱不断等短期不利影响,同时也面临着诸多长期挑战。阿富汗迎来彻底解决毒品问题的难得契机,但这需要塔利班推动国家经济民生实现综合好转,以及国际社会的及时积极应对与援助,以防止毒品活动卷土重来。In April 2022,the Afghan Taliban announced a comprehensive drug ban.The change of its role from rebel to ruler,the intemal drive of religious ideology,the practical needs of the severe domestie social situation,and the comprehensive effeet of various extemal factors were the main internal and external motives of Taliban's second anti-drug campaign after 2000.The Taliban has achieved remarkable results in eradicating the cultivation of poppies and cannabis,curbing the production of chemical synthetic drugs,and combating drug smuggling over the past two years.However,the anti-drug campaign has also brought about short-term adverse effects such as turbulence in the drug market,the impact on farmers'livelihoods,sharp fluctuations in the national economy,and constant local protests and riots,and it also faces many long-term challenges.Afghanistan has ushered in a rare opportunity to completely solve the drug problem,but this requires the Taliban to promote a comprehensive improvement in the country's economy and people's livelihood,as well as timely and active response and assistance from the intermational community to prevent the resurgence of drug activities.

关 键 词：阿富汗 塔利班 毒品 禁毒 

分 类 号：D372.88[政治法律—政治学]