微生物生物膜影响水环境中微塑料环境过程的研究进展  

Research progress of microbial biofilm impact on microplastic environmental processes in aquatic ecosystems

作　　者：黄紫萱 庄国强[1,2,3] 高婕 HUANG Zixuan;ZHUANG Guoqiang;GAO Jie(Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;Sino-Danish College,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100400,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101408,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境生物技术重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学中丹学院,北京100400 [3]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京101408

出　　处：《环境保护科学》2024年第6期21-30,共10页Environmental Protection Science

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金面上项目(5222025)。

摘　　要：微塑料是一种新型污染物,近年来备受关注,其理化性质的稳定性以及对水体、土壤生态系统的危害使其成为研究热点。在水环境中,微生物会在微塑料表面富集形成生物膜,微塑料与生物膜之间的相互作用会影响微塑料的理化特性,并进一步导致其降解。然而潜在的致病微生物也会在微塑料表面富集并形成生物膜,同时微生物附着生长的微塑料可能会成为抗性基因水平转移的热区,以及更有利于吸附有机污染物和重金属,这些特性加剧了微塑料环境过程的改变和环境风险。文章旨在全面探讨微塑料表面生物膜的形成机制、微生物群落特征及其对微塑料环境行为的影响。强调了生物膜在微塑料行为和环境风险中的关键作用,因其可能成为致病微生物和污染物的载体,并指出生物膜能够显著改变微塑料的理化特性,影响其降解过程。As a new type of pollutant,microplastics have attracted much attention in recent years.Their stability of physical and chemical properties and harm to aquatic and soil ecosystems have made them a research hotspot.In aquatic environment,microorganisms will accumulate on the surface of microplastics to form biofilms,and the interaction between microplastics and biofilms will affect the physical and chemical properties of microplastics and further lead to their degradation.However,potential pathogenic microorganisms can also accumulate and form biofilms on the surface of microplastic,and microplastics attached to and grown by microorganisms may become hot areas for horizontal transfer of resistance genes,and be more conducive to adsorption of organic pollutants and heavy metals.These characteristics aggravate the change of environmental processes and environmental risks of microplastics.This article highlights the key role of biofilms in microplastic behavior and environmental risks,as they can become carriers of pathogenic microorganisms and pollutants,and points out that biofilms can significantly alter the physicochemical properties of microplastics,affecting their degradation process.

关 键 词：微塑料 生物膜 环境过程 环境风险 水环境 

分 类 号：X505[环境科学与工程—环境工程]