三峡水库应急抗旱补水调度对下游水位的影响及效益评估  

Study on the impact of emergent drought-relief water replenishment scheduling of Three Gorges Reservoir on downstream water level and its benefit evaluation

作　　者：李英海[1] 姜庆琛 王永强[3] 宋志红 张晓琦 LI Yinghai;JIANG Qingchen;WANG Yongqiang;SONG Zhihong;ZHANG Xiaoqi(College of Hydraulic&Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China;Xiangyang Water Conservancy Planning and Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Xiangyang 441000,China;Water Resources Utilization Department,Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌443002 [2]襄阳市水利规划设计院有限公司,湖北襄阳441000 [3]长江科学院水资源综合利用研究所,武汉430010

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2024年第12期64-76,共13页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFC3202302);国家自然科学基金项目(42271044,52309002)。

摘　　要：近年来三峡水库针对长江中下游干旱已多次开展应急抗旱补水调度,但补水流量对下游断面水位影响尚不明确,水库抗旱补水效益指标体系尚未建立。本文构建了基于长短时记忆神经网络的断面水位模拟模型,模拟了不同补水方案长江中下游典型断面水位变化过程;从供水、生态、航运和发电4个方面构建了水库抗旱补水效益评估指标体系。结果表明:2022年8月三峡水库按加大流量500、1000和2000 m^(3)/s三种方案补水后,长江中下游主要控制站水位和流量均有一定程度抬升,可挽回灌溉面积0.29万ha,增加灌溉经济效益1355万元;发电效益分别增加1400万元、2725万元和3225万元;由于抬升幅度较小,生态和航运效益没有显著变化。该研究可为科学制定三峡水库抗旱补水方案提供技术支撑。In recent years,the Three Gorges reservoir has implemented drought-relief water replenishing operation several times in emergency response to drought events in the middle and lower Yangtze River.However,it is not yet clear how an increase in the discharge replenishment influences the water levels at the main cross sections downstream of the reservoir,and an index system has not been established yet for evaluating the drought-relief water replenishment benefits of a reservoir.This paper develops a water level simulation model for a river section based on long short-term memory neural networks,and simulates the time variations in water level at the typical sections of the study reaches.And an index system for the reservoir’s benefits evaluation is constructed considering comprehensively water supply,ecology,shipping,and power generation.The results show that under the reservoir’s three replenishing schemes of 500,1000,and 2000 m^(3)/s in August,2022,the water level and discharge at the main control stations in the study reaches would be able to rise to a certain extent.The restored irrigation area would be 2.9 thousand ha,and the economic benefit of agricultural irrigation be 13.55 million yuan.The increased power generation benefits would be 14.00,27.25,and 32.25 million yuan under the three schemes,respectively.The ecological and shipping benefits would not change considerably,because of only a small increase in water level and discharge.This study helps formulate drought-relief water replenishing plans for the Three Gorges reservoir.

关 键 词：三峡水库 应急抗旱补水调度 断面水位模拟 长短时记忆神经网络 效益评估 

分 类 号：TV697.1[水利工程—水利水电工程]