雪车推车时间对比赛成绩的影响及训练启示  

Effect of the Bobsleigh Push Time on Race Outcomes and the Enlightenments for Training

作　　者：刘妍 高炳宏 毛丽娟 LIU Yan;GAO Binghong;MAO Lijuan(Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China;Macao Polytechnic University,Macao 999078,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育大学,上海200438 [2]澳门理工大学,中国澳门999078

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2024年第12期3-9,共7页China Sport Science and Technology

摘　　要：目的:探讨雪车推车时间对比赛成绩的影响,在此基础上提出国家雪车队备战米兰冬奥会的训练启示。方法:通过分析近5届冬奥会及世锦赛的数据,采用相关性检验和独立样本t检验,分析推车时间与比赛成绩的相关性,以及不同水平运动员推车时间与比赛成绩相关性的差异。结果:1)在高水平组运动员中,男子四人车项目的推车时间与比赛成绩在所有比赛中均呈显著正相关(P<0.05,r=0.345~0.679);除2022年北京冬奥会女子单人车、2018年平昌冬奥会男子双人车和2006年都灵冬奥会女子双人车比赛外,其他小项的推车时间与比赛成绩均呈显著正相关(P<0.05,r=0.334~0.885)。2)在一般水平组运动员中,仅有部分比赛中男子四人车、男子双人车、女子双人车和女子单人车项目的推车时间与比赛成绩呈显著正相关(P<0.05,r=0.342~0.727)。3)在不同赛道中,各项目推车时间与比赛成绩的相关性存在差异。4)高水平组运动员的推车时间显著短于一般水平组(P<0.05),但两者推车时间与比赛成绩的相关性在统计上无显著差异。结论:1)推车时间对比赛成绩具有一定影响,且在不同赛道中具有高度的可变性。2)相较于一般水平的运动员,高水平运动员的推车时间与比赛成绩的关系更为稳定。3)国家雪车队在夏季体能训练中应加强基础体能与专项体能的衔接,重点提升与推车能力相关的最大力量、下肢爆发力及短距离冲刺能力。Objective:To investigate the effect of the bobsleigh push time on race outcomes and to propose the training enlightenments for the Chinese bobsleigh team for preparing for the Milan Winter Olympics.Methods:Data from the last five Winter Olympics and five years of World Championships were analyzed.Correlation coefficients and independent sample t-tests assessed the relationship between push times and race outcomes,and the difference of the correlation between push time and race outcomes of athletes at different levels.Results:1)For high-level athletes,the push time in the 4-man bobsleigh shows a significant positive correlation with race outcomes across all competitions(P<0.05,r=0.345—0.679).For others,excluding the woman-monobob at the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics,the 2-man bobsleigh at the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics,and the 2-woman bobsleigh at the 2006 Turin Winter Olympics,push time is also significantly positively correlated with race outcomes(P<0.05,r=0.334—0.885).2)Among athletes of general levels,in the 4-man bobsleigh,2-man bobsleigh,2-woman bobsleigh,and woman-monobob events,push time shows a significant positive correlation with race results in only some competitions(P<0.05,r=0.342—0.727).3)There are differences in the correlation between push times and race outcomes varied across different tracks.4)High-level athletes had significantly shorter push times compared to general-level athletes(P<0.05),with no significant differences in the correlation between their push times and race outcomes.Conclusions:1)Push time significantly influences race outcomes and it has a high degree of variability in different tracks.2)Compared to athletes at the general level,the relationship between push times and race outcomes is more stable for high-level athletes.3)The Chinese bobsleigh team should improve foundational and specialized physical training integration during summer preparation,focusing on enhancing maximum strength,lower body explosiveness,and short-distance sprinting abilities related to the bobs

关 键 词：雪车项目 推车时间 比赛成绩 体能训练 

分 类 号：G863.2[文化科学—体育训练]