幼儿身体素养发展研究——一项心理测量网络分析  

Research on the Development of Physical Literacy in Preschoolers-A Network Psychometrics Analysis

作　　者：高梦真 陈思同 王磊 刁玉翠 GAO Mengzhen;CHEN Sitong;WANG Lei;DIAO Yucui(Soochow University,Suzhou 215021,China;Victoria University,Melbourne 8001,Australia;Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学,江苏苏州215021 [2]维多利亚大学,维多利亚州墨尔本8001 [3]上海体育大学,上海200438

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2024年第12期35-46,共12页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(19CTY011)。

摘　　要：目的:调查幼儿身体素养的发展水平,在探索身体素养各要素之间相互作用的网络结构特征的基础上,识别幼儿身体素养的核心要素。方法:对我国8个省份1 332名4~6岁幼儿[(5.3±0.8)岁]的身体素养进行测量。采用心理测量网络分析技术对不同性别、年龄幼儿的身体素养进行网络估计和比较,使用预期影响指数(expected influence,EI)识别幼儿身体素养的核心要素。结果:1)幼儿的身体素养总分(H=17.70,P<0.001)和4个领域得分均存在显著的年龄差异(身体领域:H=8.23,P=0.016;心理领域:H=16.22,P<0.001;社会领域:H=11.64,P=0.003;认知领域:H=13.30,P=0.001),呈现出随年龄增长而持续上升的趋势。2)除女幼儿的社会领域得分显著高于男幼儿外(z=-2.29,P=0.013),其他3个领域得分和身体素养总分均不存在显著性别差异(P>0.05)。3)幼儿身体素养的核心要素包括速度(EI=1.72)、参与和乐趣(EI=1.30)、自信(EI=1.27)、战术(EI=1.12)和合作(EI=1.07),不同性别和不同年龄幼儿的身体素养核心要素有所不同。结论:我国幼儿的身体素养随着年龄的增长而提升,在身体素养的部分领域和要素上存在性别差异。应抓住幼儿早期这一身体素养干预的关键时期,优先考虑身体素养核心要素,并针对性制定适宜的身体素养培育策略。Objective:To investigate the development of physical literacy in preschoolers,and identify the core elements of preschoolers’physical literacy by exploring the network structure characteristics of the interactions among the elements of physical literacy.Methods:The physical literacy data of a total of 1332 children aged 4 to 6 years[(5.3±0.8)years]from eight provinces in China were measured.Network psychometrics analysis was used for physical literacy network estimation and network comparison across sex and age groups.The expected influence(EI)index was used to identify the core elements of the physical literacy network in preschoolers.Results:1)There were significant age differences in preschoolers’total physical literacy score(H=17.70,P<0.001)and in all four domains(physical domain:H=8.23,P=0.016;psychological domain:H=16.22,P<0.001;social domain:H=11.64,P=0.003;cognitive domain:H=13.30,P=0.001),showing a continuous increasing trend with the increase of age.2)There were no significant sex differences in preschoolers’total physical literacy score and three of the four domains(physical domain,psychological domain and cognitive domain)(P>0.05),except for the social domain in favour of girls(z=-2.29,P=0.013).3)The core elements of physical literacy in preschoolers were speed(EI=1.72),engagement and enjoyment(EI=1.30),confidence(EI=1.27),tactics(EI=1.12),and collaboration(EI=1.07),while sex and age group differences were found in the core elements of physical literacy.Conclusions:The development of physical literacy in Chinese preschoolers progressively increases with age,and there are gender differences in some areas and elements of physical literacy.It is vital to seize the critical period for physical literacy intervention in early childhood,prioritize these core elements of physical literacy while developing targeted and appropriate cultivation strategies.

关 键 词：身体素养 心理测量网络分析 网络比较 核心要素 幼儿 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]