新疆冬小麦种质资源粒重基因的分布与育种适用性分析  

Distribution and Analysis of Breeding Applicability of Grain Weight Genes in Xinjiang Winter Wheat Germplasm Resources

作　　者：曹俊梅[1] 周安定[1] 刘娜[1] 哈力旦·依克热木 张新忠[1] 刘联正[1] CAO Junmei;ZHOU Anding;LIU Na;Halidan·Yikeremu;ZHANG Xinzhong;LIU Lianzheng(Research Institute of Food Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Northwest wheat Drought and Salt Tolerance Biological Observation Station Ministry of Agriculture,Xinjiang Wheat Industry Technology System Urumqi Experimental Station,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所/农业部西北地区小麦抗旱耐盐生物学科学观测实验站/新疆小麦产业技术体系乌鲁木齐试验站,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2025年第1期37-44,共8页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A03004-3,2022A02003-1,2021A02001-1);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金面上项目(2023D01A94);科技创新2030-重大项目子课题(2023ZD0402602);农业科技创新稳定支持项目(xjnkywdzc-2023001-24);自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费资助项目(KY2023029);新疆农业科学院青年科技骨干创新能力培养项目(xjnkq-2023001)。

摘　　要：小麦粒重是重要的产量构成因素之一,也是受遗传因素影响的数量性状。为了解粒重基因在新疆小麦的分布及相关分子标记在育种上的适用性,以253份新疆冬小麦品种为试验材料,利用KASP(竞争性等位基因特异性PCR)标记进行基因型检测,并与2个年份的株高、穗长、穗粒数、千粒重、粒长、粒宽等育种选择性状进行关联分析。结果表明,优异等位基因TaSus1-7A-Hap1、TaCwi-A1b、TaTGW-7Aa、TaGS5-A1b、TaGS2-A1b、TaGS-D1a、TaSus2-2B-HapH、TaTGW6-A1a、TaGW2-6B-Hap3和TaSus2-2A-HapA在参试材料的分布频率分别为100%、100%、84.98%、56.92%、51.78%、39.13%、33.20%、11.07%、3.16%和1.58%;14对等位基因在参试材料中共出现118种组合;标记GS5-2334-SNP、TaGS2-A1-239IND2、TGW7-986-SNP和GW2-6B-721SNP可应用于小麦粒重的辅助选择;被检测标记的连锁基因均与1个或1个以上育种性状显著相关;GS5-2334-SNP连锁基因TaGS5-A1对粒宽的效应达36.65%,对千粒重效应次之(27.76%),GS5-2334-SNP连锁基因TaGS5-A1对株高和穗粒重、GW2-6B-721SNP连锁基因TaGW2-6B和TGW7-986-SNP连锁基因TaTGW7对粒长、Sus2-2A-20SNP连锁基因TaSus2-2A对穗粒重、千粒重和粒宽的效应均达到10%以上。本研究结果可为分子标记辅助育种奠定基础。Wheat grain weight is one of the important yield components and a quantitative trait influenced by genetic factors.To clarify the distribution of grain weight genes in Xinjiang wheat and the applicability of related molecular markers in breeding,253 Xinjiang winter wheat varieties were used as experimental materials.KASP(competitive allele specific PCR)markers were used for genotype detection,and association analysis was conducted with breeding selection traits such as plant height,spike length,grain number per spike,thousand-grain weight,grain length,and grain width in two years.The results showed that the distribution frequencies of excellent alleles TaSus1-7A-Hap1,TaCwi-A1b,TaTGW-7Aa,TaGS5-A1b,TaGS2-A1b,TaGS-D1a,TaSus2-2B-HapH,TaTGW6-A1a,TaGW2-6B-Hap3,and TaSus2-2A-HapA in the test materials were 100%,100%,84.98%,56.92%,51.78%,39.13%,33.20%,11.07%,3.16%,and 1.58%,respectively.There were 118 combinations of the 14 alleles in the test materials;GS5-2334-SNP,TaGS2-A1-239IND2,TGW7-986-SNP,and GW2-6B-721SNP can be applied for marker assisted selection of wheat grain weight.The detected linkage genes are significantly correlated with one or more breeding traits.The GS5-2334-SNP linkage gene TaGS5-A1 has 36.65%effect on grain width,followed by 27.76%effect on thousand-grain weight.The GS5-2334-SNP linkage gene TaGS5-A1 has an effect on plant height and grain weight per ear;the GW2-6B-721SNP linkage genes TaGW2-6B and TGW7-986-SNP linkage genes TaTGW7 have an effect on grain length;the Sus2-20-20SNP linkage gene TaSus2-2A has an effect on grain weight per ear,thousand-grain weight,and grain width,and their effects all reach over 10%.This study can lay the foundation for molecular marker assisted breeding for wheat.

关 键 词：新疆 小麦 粒重 KASP 基因分布 育种适用性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S330