结合0.1K前景和16K背景芯片快速解析小麦新品系的基因组结构和重要性状遗传基础  

Dissection of Genetic Structure and Genetic Basis of Important Traits for the New Wheat Lines Based on 0.1K Prospect and 16K Background Arrays

作　　者：李笑笑 相明杰 刘胜杰 王晓婷[1] 李杰[1] 郑炜君[1] 吴建辉[1] 曾庆东[1] 康振生[1] 张传量 王长发[1] 韩德俊[1] LI Xiaoxiao;XIANG Mingjie;LIU Shengjie;WANG Xiaoting;LI Jie;ZHENG Weijun;WU Jianhui;ZENG Qingdong;KANG Zhensheng;ZHANG Chuanliang;WANG Changfa;HAN Dejun(Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学/作物抗逆与高效生产全国重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2025年第1期52-62,共11页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：青海省重点研发与转化计划项目(2022-NK-125);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2021ZDLNY0-01);优质高产抗病耐旱节水小麦新品种培育项目(Ylzy-xm-03)。

摘　　要：为探索并建立基于小麦0.1K前景和16K背景芯片快速解析基因组结构和重要性状遗传基础的方法,对小麦新品系西农302及其亲本西农865和百农矮抗58分别进行苗期分小种和田间成株期抗病性鉴定,分析西农302及其亲本的抗条锈病特征,并利用小麦16K背景芯片对西农302及其亲本进行基因分型,根据亲本间16K芯片基因型的差异SNP位点,分别统计西农302来自双亲的基因组区段,确定西农302的基因组结构;利用小麦0.1K前景芯片对西农302及其亲本进行基因分型,确定西农302所含有的抗条锈病性基因/QTL位点,明确西农302的抗条锈病遗传基础,同时分析西农302所含有的其他重要性状相关优异等位基因/QTL。结果表明,西农302在苗期对中国流行的条锈病生理小种CYR32和CYR34均表现出微弱的抗性(IT=6),但在田间条件下表现出高水平成株期抗条锈性(IT=1,DS<5);西农865和百农矮抗58对西农302的遗传贡献率分别为64.28%和30.22%;西农302聚合了双亲的多个优异基因/QTL位点,同时含有多抗基因Lr27/Yr30/Sr2/Pbc1及其上位性互作基因YrFDC12/PbcFDC12、抗条锈病位点QYrak58.nwafu-7BL和QYrqin.nwafu-2AL、抗赤霉病位点QFhb.hbaas-5AS和QFhb.hbaas-5AL、矮秆基因Rht-2、Rht-8和QPht/Sl.cau-2D.1以及千粒重位点QGl-4A等重要性状相关基因/QTL。这说明0.1K前景选择和16K背景选择SNP芯片可以应用于小麦新品种(系)的基因组结构和重要性状遗传基础的解析;西农865和百农矮抗58对西农302的遗传贡献率存在显著差异,西农865的遗传贡献率约为百农矮抗58的2倍;西农302聚合了双亲的抗条锈病、抗赤霉病、矮秆和千粒重等多个重要性状相关优异基因/QTL。To explore and establish a method for rapid analysis of genetic structure and genetic basis of important traits based on 0.1K prospect and 16K background arrays,a new wheat line Xinong 302 and its parents Xinong 865 and Bainong Aikang 58 were subjected to disease resistance identification during seedling stage and adult stage,respectively.The resistance characteristics of Xinong 302 and its parents to stripe rust were analyzed,and the wheat 16K background array was used to genotype Xinong 302 and its parents.Based on the differential SNP loci of 16K array genotypes between parents,the genomic segments of Xinong 302 from both parents were counted to determine its genome structure.Xinong 302 and its parental lines were genotyped by wheat 0.1K prospect selection array,and the genetic loci of stripe rust resistance inherited by Xinong 302 were determined,and the genetic basis of stripe rust resistance of Xinong 302 and the important trait-related genes/QTL loci contained in Xinong 302 were clarified.Xinong 302 showed weak resistance to CYR32 and CYR34 at seedling stage(IT=6),and highly resistance at adult stage under field conditions(IT=1,DS<5).The genetic contribution rates of Xinong 865 and Bainong AK58 to Xinong 302 were 64.28%and 30.22%,respectively.Xinong 302 aggregates multiple excellent genes/QTL loci from both parents,including multi resistance genes Lr27/Yr30/Sr2/Pbc1 and their epistatic interaction genes YrFDC12/PbcFDC12,resistance loci QYrak58.nwafu-7BL and QYrqin.nwafu-2AL[KG-1.5mm],resistance loci QFhb.hbaas-5AS and QFhb.hbaas-5AL[KG-1.5mm],dwarf genes Rht-2,Rht-8 and QPht/Slcau-2D.1,and thousand-grain weight locus QGl-4A[KG-1.5mm],among other important trait related genes/QTLs.This indicates that 0.1K prospect selection and 16K background arrays can be applied to analyze the genomic structure and genetic basis of important traits in new wheat varieties(lines).There is a significant difference in the genetic contribution rate between Xinong 865 and Bainong Aikang 58 to Xinong 302,with the genetic contrib

关 键 词：小麦 新品系 SNP 芯片 遗传构成 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S330