全生育期增温对济麦229生长发育、旗叶和产量的影响  

Effects of Warming during the Whole Growth Period on Growth and Development,Flag Leaf and Yield of Jimai 229

作　　者：黄金鑫 刘百川 展晓孟 张玉梅[1] 郭雷 李丹萍 刘秀坤 刘建军[2] 李豪圣[2] 赵振东[2] 高欣 曹新有[2] HUANG Jinxin;LIU Baichuan;ZHAN Xiaomeng;ZHANG Yumei;GUO Lei;LI Danping;LIU Xiukun;LIU Jianjun;LI Haosheng;ZHAO Zhendong;GAO Xin;CAO Xinyou(College of Agronomy,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao,Shandong 266109,China;Crop Research Institute,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Maize/State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow&Huai River Valley/Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Wheat,Jinan,Shandong 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学农学院,山东青岛266109 [2]山东省农业科学院作物研究所/山东省农业科学院/小麦玉米国家工程研究中心/小麦育种全国重点实验室/农业农村部黄淮北部小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/山东省小麦技术创新中心,山东济南250100

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2025年第1期63-72,共10页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1200200);山东省泰山学者工程项目(tsqnz20221161,tspd20221108,tstp20240843);国家小麦产业技术体系专项(CARS-03-06);济南市“新高校20条”资助项目(202228067);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2024F01,GXGC2024E02)。

摘　　要：为探究气候变暖对强筋优质小麦生长发育和产量的影响及机理,以强筋优质小麦济麦229为试验材料,以田间自然温度生长的小麦为对照,研究了全生育期增温对济麦229生长发育、旗叶衰老特性和产量的影响。结果表明,与对照相比较,全生育期增温使济麦229营养生长阶段的分蘖数、株高、倒一叶面积、叶绿素含量和地上部干物质积累量显著增加,加快了花后旗叶面积和叶绿素含量的降低速度,减少干物质向穗部转运量;增温对济麦229孕穗期和开花期旗叶SOD、POD和CAT活性影响较小,旗叶中MDA和脯氨酸含量较低,但花后旗叶SOD活性显著增加,POD和CAT活性不同程度降低,导致MDA、脯氨酸含量和相对电导率增加;增温使济麦229的穗数和千粒重分别降低了20.3%和10.0%,产量减少了24.1%,对穗粒数的影响不显著。综上,全生育期增温可促进济麦229的营养生长,不利于生殖生长阶段小麦旗叶的光合作用和抗氧化作用,导致旗叶加速衰老和产量降低。In order to explore the effects and mechanism of climate warming on the growth and yield of strong-gluten and high-quality wheat variety,Jimai 229 was used as the experimental material,and the effects of whole-growth warming on the growth and development,flag leaf senescence characteristics,and yield of Jimai 229 were investigated with the wheat grown at natural temperature in the field as control.The results showed that warming during the whole growth period increased the number of tillers,plant height,leaf area of the top leaf,SPAD value and above ground dry matter accumulation of Jimai 229 during the vegetative growth stage.However,it accelerated the decrease rate of leaf area and SPAD value of flag leaves after anthesis,and reduced dry matter translocation to spike.Warming had little effect on SOD,POD and CAT activities of flag leaves of Jimai 229 at the booting stage and anthesis stages,and MDA content and Pro content in flag leaves were at low level,which resulted in significant increase in the SOD activity of flag leaves,and reduced the POD and CAT activities to different degrees after anthesis,leading to the increase in MDA and Pro contents and the relative electrolytic leakage.Warming reduced the number of spikes and the thousand-grain weight of Jimai 229 by 20.3%and 10.0%,and the yield by 24.1%,with insignificant effect on the number of grains per spike.In conclusion,warming during the whole growth period can promote the vegetative growth of Jimai 229,which is not conductive to the photosynthesis and antioxidant action of wheat flag leaves during the reproductive growth stage,leading to accelerated senescence of the flag leaves and lower yield.

关 键 词：小麦 全生育期增温 分蘖 旗叶抗氧化 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311