栽培模式及生态条件对弱筋小麦籽粒品质的影响  

Effect of Cultivation Modeand Ecological Conditions on Grain Quality of Weak Gluten Wheat

作　　者：陈松 朱娟 吕超[1] 王菲菲 郭宝健[1] 许如根[1] CHEN Song;ZHU Juan;LYU Chao;WANG Feifei;GUO Baojian;XU Rugen(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Agricultural College of Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省作物基因组学和分子育种重点实验室/植物功能基因组学教育部重点实验室/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/扬州大学农学院/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2025年第1期80-88,共9页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：江苏省种业振兴揭榜挂帅项目(JBGS2021006);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0100803);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目。

摘　　要：为研究不同栽培模式及生态条件对弱筋小麦籽粒品质的影响,以8个扬麦系列和宁麦系列弱筋小麦品种及2个中筋小麦品种为材料,分析参试小麦品种在不同栽培模式及生态条件下籽粒容重、蛋白质含量及淀粉含量的稳定性及差异性。结果表明,小麦籽粒品质既受品种遗传因素的控制,也受栽培模式及生态条件的影响。在弱筋小麦优质栽培模式[基本苗2.40×10^(6)株·hm^(-2),施用纯氮180 kg·hm^(-2),磷、钾肥以基苗肥为主,氮肥运筹按基肥∶苗肥∶拔节肥(倒3.5叶前)=7∶1∶2],弱筋小麦籽粒蛋白质含量较低,容重大,淀粉品质较高,中筋品种扬麦25和扬麦28也能够达到优质弱筋的要求。在中筋小麦高产栽培模式(基本苗1.80×10^(6)·hm^(-2),施用纯氮240 kg·hm^(-2),磷、钾肥以基苗肥为主,氮肥运筹按基肥∶苗肥∶拔节孕穗肥=5∶2∶3)下,参试品种籽粒蛋白质含量均较高,多数品种不能达到弱筋小麦的标准。要保证弱筋小麦品质,应选择适宜良种,在常规大田栽培措施的基础上,采用第一种栽培模式,并根据当地当年气候生态条件作适当调整。To study the effects of different cultivation modes and ecological conditions on the grain quality of weak gluten wheat,8 Yangmai series and Ningmai series weak gluten wheat varieties and 2 medium gluten wheat varieties were used as materials to analyze the stability and differences of grain bulk weight,protein content,and starch content of weak gluten wheat under different cultivation modes and ecological conditions.The results showed that the quality of wheat grains is not only controlled by genetic factors of the variety,but also influenced by cultivation modes and ecological conditions.Under different ecological conditions,the high-quality cultivation mode of weak gluten wheat was based on a basic seedling of 2.40×10^(6) plants·hm^(-2),pure nitrogen of 180 kg·hm^(-2),and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers mainly based on basal and seedling fertilizer.The nitrogen fertilizer was based on basal fertilizer:seedling fertilizer:jointing fertilizer(before 3.5 leaves)=7∶1∶2.Under this cultivation mode,weak gluten wheat showed low protein content,good grain bulk weight,and high starch quality.Medium-gluten varieties Yangmai 25 and Yangmai 28 could also meet the requirements of high-quality weak gluten.The high-yield cultivation mode was based on a basic seedling rate of 1.80×10^(6) plants·hm^(-2),with pure nitrogen of 240 kg·hm^(-2).Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were mainly based on basal and seedling fertilizer,and nitrogen fertilizer was based on basal fertilizer:seedling fertilizer:jointing and booting fertilizer=5∶2∶3.The tested varieties showed high protein content in their grains under this cultivation mode,and most varieties can not meet the standards of weak gluten wheat.To ensure the quality of weak gluten wheat,suitable varieties should be selected,and the first cultivation mode should be adopted based on conventional field cultivation measures,and appropriate adjustments should be made according to the local climate and ecological conditions of the year.

关 键 词：弱筋小麦 栽培模式 生态条件 品质 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311