夏目漱石文学中的病态人格描写与“人格主义”  

The Depiction of Morbid Personality and“Personalism”in Soseki Natsume's Literature

作　　者：王瑞方 WANG Ruifang(Faculty of Japanese Language and Culture,Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510420,China)

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学日语语言文化学院,广东广州510420

出　　处：《日本问题研究》2024年第6期60-69,共10页Japanese Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“‘东方学’体系建构与中国的东方学研究”(14ZDB083)。

摘　　要：“人格主义”是以健全、独立的个性追求为宗旨的日本近代文化思潮,适用于哲学、社会学、伦理学、文艺学等不同领域。夏目漱石是“人格主义”的探索者、奠基者与建构者。“人格主义”的思想不仅体现在他的文学理论与文明理论中,也体现在其文学创作中,特别是“后期三部曲”中。与日本“白桦派”文学中理想主义的人格表现形成鲜明对比,夏目漱石描写的是反面的人格,即自私、阴暗、褊狭、过敏、分裂、变态、猥琐、虚伪、怯懦等不健全的人格。夏目漱石将此作为描写和剖析的对象,旨在反映明治“文明开化”、东西方文化冲突的时代背景下,普通日本人由传统人格向现代人格转型过程中的种种不适、病态、挣扎与扭曲。然而,在赤裸裸的病态人格描写中,却暗含着“人格主义”的正面追求与价值取向。更重要的是,通过病态人格的表现可以擢升国民性的批判与疗救。从“人格主义”的角度研究夏目漱石文学,既可以突破纯文学研究的局限,也可以体现夏目漱石文学的哲学、伦理学、社会学等价值。“Personalism”is a modern Japanese cultural ideological trend that emphasizes the pursuit of a sound and independent personality,manifesting across various fields such as philosophy,sociology,ethics,and literary studies.Soseki Natsume was an explorer,founder,and architect of“personalism”.His ideas are not only reflected in his literary theory and civilization theory but also in his literary works,particularly in the“late trilogy”.In sharp contrast to the idealistic depiction of personality in the literature of Japan's“Shirakaba school”,Soseki portrays the opposite:selfish,dark,narrow-minded,hypersensitive,divided,abnormal,petty,hypocritical,and cowardly personalities—those are unsound.By focusing on such characters,Soseki aims to reflect the discomfort,pathology,struggle,and distortion experienced by ordinary Japanese people during the transition from traditional to modern personalities,set against the backdrop of the Meiji era's“Culturalization”and the clash between Eastern and Western cultures.However,within the stark portrayal of pathological personalities lies an implicit positive pursuit of the ideals and values of“personalism”.More importantly,through the depiction of such pathological personalities,Soseki elevates his critique and healing of the national character.Examining Soseki's works from the perspective of“personalism”not only transcends the limitations of pure literary studies but also reveals the philosophical,ethical,and sociological values embedded within his literature.

关 键 词：夏目漱石文学 人格 人格主义 病态人格 国民性疗救 

分 类 号：I106[文学—世界文学]