根施亚硒酸钠对大叶种茶树根际土壤微生物多样性的影响  

The Impact of Sodium Selenite Applied to the Root System on the Diversity of Soil Microorganisms in the Rhizosphere of Large-leaf Tea Tree

作　　者：江小舟 杨志喆 陈充玉 黄仙金 翁哲慧 JIANG Xiaozhou;YANG Zhizhe;CHEN Chongyu;HUANG Xianjin;WENG Zhehui(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Kunming University,Kunming,Yunnan,China 650214)

机构地区：[1]昆明学院化学化工学院,云南昆明650214

出　　处：《昆明学院学报》2024年第6期33-39,共7页Journal of Kunming University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(22066014);昆明学院化学化工学院科学研究基金项目(HY2024004).

摘　　要：为探究不同含量梯度亚硒酸钠对云南大叶种茶树根际微生物群落结构的影响,通过盆栽实验,对土壤进行硒强化处理后,分析了根际土壤微生物群落的变化.研究表明,亚硒酸钠的施用对土壤生态系统的健康和稳定性具有显著影响,表现为对微生物多样性的“低促高抑”效应.具体而言,0.9 mg/kg的亚硒酸钠施用剂量最有利于细菌和真菌群落的丰富性,而3.0 mg/kg的施用剂量则显著降低了微生物的丰富度和多样性,干扰了土壤的可持续发展.亚硒酸钠含量的增加可能通过改变土壤营养状况或微生物间的相互作用,导致微生物群落结构的重组.在0.30~1.50 mg/kg的施用剂量下,土壤细菌和真菌群落的高阶分类结构未受扰乱.此外,大叶种茶树根际土壤中的真菌和细菌群落结构具有较好的韧性,合理施用亚硒酸钠对群落多样性和均匀度的影响有限.细菌在各处理组根际土壤中分布更广泛,而真菌对亚硒酸钠含量的变动更为敏感.研究结果为合理施用硒肥、保障茶园土壤生态系统的可持续发展提供了一定的科学依据.This study aimed to investigate the effects of varying concentrations of sodium selenite on the rhizosphere microbial community structure of Yunnan large-leaf tea plants.A pot experiment was conducted,and after selenium-enriched soil treatment,changes in the rhizosphere soil microbial communities were analyzed.The results demonstrated that the application of sodium selenite significantly influences the health and stability of the soil ecosystem,exhibiting a“low-dose promotion,high-dose suppression”effect on microbial diversity.Specifically,the application of sodium selenite at a dosage of 0.9 mg/kg was most beneficial for the richness of bacterial and fungal communities,whereas a dosage of 3.0 mg/kg significantly reduced microbial richness and diversity,disrupting the sustainable development of the soil.The increase in sodium selenite concentration may lead to the reorganization of microbial community structure by altering soil nutrient conditions or microbial interactions.At application dosages between 0.30 and 1.50 mg/kg,the higher-order taxonomic structure of soil bacterial and fungal communities remained undisturbed.Moreover,the fungal and bacterial community structures in the rhizosphere soil of large-leaf tea plants exhibited considerable resilience,and the impact of the rational application of sodium selenite on community diversity and evenness was limited.Bacteria were more widely distributed in the rhizosphere soil across all treatment groups,while fungi were more sensitive to changes in sodium selenite concentration.The findings provide scientific evidence for the rational application of selenium fertilizers and the sustainable development of tea garden soil ecosystems.

关 键 词：大叶种茶 亚硒酸钠 根施强化 生物多样性 

分 类 号：S571[农业科学—作物学]