草鱼不同月龄性腺组织学观察及性别特征基因cyp19a1a和amh的表达分析  

Gonadal Histology and Expression Analysis of Sex Characteristic Genes in Grass Carp at Different Ages

作　　者：祁博 李胜杰[2] 杜金星 肖小芳 张东云 朱涛 雷彩霞 刘志军[2] 宋红梅[2] QI Bo;LI Shengjie;DU Jinxing;XIAO Xiaofang;ZHANG Dongyun;ZHU Tao;LEI Caixia;LIU Zhijun;SONG Hongmei(National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510380,China;School of Life Sciences,Huzhou University,Huzhou 313000,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306 [2]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所农业农村部热带亚热带水产资源利用与养殖重点实验室,广东广州510380 [3]湖州师范学院生命科学学院,浙江湖州313000

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2025年第1期105-114,共10页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：农业生物育种专项(2023ZD04065);国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1200804);国家淡水水产种质资源库珠江分库(FGRC18537);广东省淡水水产种质资源库运行项目(2022-SBH-00-001)共同资助。

摘　　要：为探讨草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)性腺发生、性别分化及发育规律,本研究对1、2、3、4、5、6、12、24、36和48月龄草鱼性腺组织结构以及性别特征基因cyp19a1a和amh的表达差异进行了分析。组织切片结果显示,2月龄时,首次在生殖嵴中观察到原始生殖细胞,标志原始性腺形成。3月龄时,雌性草鱼性腺中观察到卵巢腔和卵巢小叶。4月龄时,观察到卵原细胞,表明其在3月龄时出现解剖学分化,4月龄时出现细胞学分化。4月龄雄性草鱼在性腺中观察到输精导管,5月龄时观察到精原细胞,表明其在4月龄出现解剖学分化,5月龄出现细胞学分化。12、24、36和48月龄草鱼卵巢分别处于发育的第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ期,精巢则分别为发育的第Ⅱ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ期。荧光定量结果显示,雌性特征基因cyp19a1a在卵巢中的表达量总体呈先上升后下降再上升的趋势,2月龄时显著上调(P<0.05),3、6和48月龄时处于峰值。雄性特征基因amh在精巢中表达量总体呈先上升后下降的趋势。2月龄时显著上调(P<0.05),5月龄时达到峰值。综上,草鱼性腺发育启动时间约为2月龄,雌雄性腺分化时间分别约为3月龄和4月龄,至4龄时雌雄性腺发育成熟。本研究结果丰富了草鱼的繁殖生理学资料,也为其性别调控技术研究奠定了基础。Grass carp belongs to Cypriniformes,Cyprinidae,and Cyprinus family,and is typically referred to as the four famous domestic fishes,black carp,silver carp,and bighead carp,respectively.The annual production of Chinese grass carp is consistently among the highest,with an output of 5.905 million tons in 2022,accounting for 24.3%of total of freshwater fish production.Reproduction is the core process of fish reproduction.Normal gonad development is a prerequisite for fish reproduction.At present,there are few reports on the sex differentiation of Chinese grass carp.Studying the differentiation and development of grass carp gonads can provide a typical model for gonadal development of cyprinid fish.In contrast,the start and completion time of gonadal differentiation are one of the key factors inducing sex reversal in fish using hormones.Research on gonadal differentiation and development in grass carp can also lay the foundation for the establishment of a unisexual population of grass carp.Sex-related genes play important roles in biological processes such as sex determination,gonadal differentiation,and reproduction and development in fish.In most differentiated teleost fish,genes such as dmrt1,sox9,foxl2,amh,and cyp19a1a,are considered the key genes involved in sex regulation.cyp19a1a plays a key role in the gonadal differentiation and ovarian development of teleost fish by aromatizing androgens into estrogen via aromatase activity.This gene is specifically expressed in the gonads and is used served as a characteristic gene for sex differentiation towards females.Anti-Müllerian hormone(amh)regulates the structure of reproductive organs and the differentiation and development of reproductive cells.In fish such as carp,rainbow trout,and grass carp,the expression level of the amh gene in the testes is significantly higher than that in the ovaries,and is often used as a characteristic gene for male differentiation.To explore the sex differentiation and developmental patterns of grass carp gonads,this study analyzed the

关 键 词：草鱼 性别分化 组织切片 基因表达 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]