β-内酰胺类抗菌药物致不良反应分析及用药安全性评价  

Adverse Reactions Caused byβ-Lactam Antibiotics and Evaluation of Drug Safety

作　　者：王慧 李阳 邱洪 WANG Hui;LI Yang;QIU Hong(The 925th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA,Guiyang 550009,China)

机构地区：[1]联勤保障部队第925医院,贵州贵阳550009

出　　处：《解放军药学学报》2024年第6期546-549,共4页Pharmaceutical Journal of Chinese People's Liberation Army

摘　　要：目的分析某医院β-内酰胺类抗菌药发生不良反应(ADR)的原因及其用药安全性,为临床用药提供风险预警及安全性证据。方法选取该院2020年1月至2023年12月期间使用β-内酰胺类抗菌药物后出现ADR的43例患者临床资料,统计分析不同年龄段ADR发生情况、转归、类型、涉及的药物、给药方式、累及系统和发生ADR的原因等。结果43例ADR患者中年龄≥65岁的ADR发生率较高,其次是51~64岁患者;发生ADR时间最快1min,最迟13d,60min后发生ADR的例数最多;静脉滴注给药发生率最高,注射用头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠是发生率最高的药物;ADR累及系统主要为皮肤及其附件损害;停药或对症治疗后均好转或痊愈;发生ADR相关因素有过敏史(过敏体质)及吸烟史或饮酒史。结论临床上老人和儿童或具有过敏史(过敏体质)及吸烟史或饮酒史患者,使用β-内酰胺类抗菌药时需谨慎,提高临床合理用药性、有效性及安全性。Objective To analyze the causes of adverse drug reaction(ADR)ofβ-lactam antibiotics in our hospital and provide data for safe clinical use.Methods The clinical data of 43 patients who developed ADRs after usingβ-lactam antibiotics was collected before the incidence,outcomes,types and causes of ADRs,drugs involved,administration methods,systems involved were statistically analyzed across age groups.Results Among the 43 ADR patients,the incidence of ADRs was the highest among those over 65 years old,followed by those age 51-64.The onset time of ADRs ranged from 1 minute to 13 days,and most of the ADRs occurred 60 minutes later.Drugs for intravenous infusion,such as cefoperazone sodium and sulbactam sodium for injection,were most likely to cause ADRs.The ADRs mostly involved damage to the skin and its accessories.After discontinuation of medication or symptomatic treatment,both groups improved or recovered.Factors related to the incidence of ADRs included a history of allergies,allergic constitution,smoking or alcohol consumption.Conclusion In clinical practice,some special populations should useβ-lactamide antibiotics with caution to improve their clinical rational use,efficacy,and safety.

关 键 词：β-内酰胺类抗菌药 药品不良反应 用药安全性 

分 类 号：R969[医药卫生—药理学]