砂岩型铀矿地震反射波高精度成像关键问题分析  

The key issue analysis for high-precision seismic reflection imaging of sandstone-type uranium deposit

作　　者：乔宝平 潘自强 程纪星[1,2,3] 李子伟 曹成寅[1,2,3] 黄昱丞 QIAO Baoping;PAN Ziqiang;CHENG Jixing;LI Ziwei;CAO Chengyin;HUANG Yucheng(National Key Laboratory of Uranium Resources Exploration-Mining and Nuclear Remote Sensing,Beijing 100029,China;Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology,Beijing 100029,China;CNNC Key Laboratory of Uranium Resources Exploration and Evaluation Technology,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]铀资源探采与核遥感全国重点实验室,北京100029 [2]核工业北京地质研究院,北京100029 [3]中核集团铀资源勘查与评价技术重点实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《世界核地质科学》2024年第6期1065-1075,共11页World Nuclear Geoscience

基　　金：核技术研发科研项目(编号:地HTLM2101)资助。

摘　　要：高精度地震反射波成像数据体是实现沉积盆地薄层砂体和断裂构造等砂岩型铀成矿环境信息精细勘探的基础。相较于深部油气资源,砂岩型铀矿埋藏深度浅、弹性差异小、受近地表地质环境影响大,导致砂岩型铀矿地震数据处理面临静校正问题突出、线性干扰严重和动校正拉伸畸变剧烈等关键问题,进而降低地震反射波成像质量。为了提高砂岩型铀矿地震反射波勘探的效果,在模拟数据和实际数据的基础上,通过对比分析,介绍影响砂岩型铀矿地震反射波高精度成像的关键因素,发现采用基于程函方程走时的层析静校正、高分辨率Radon变换线性噪声压制和地震反射波干涉成像等处理技术,可显著提高浅部地层地震反射波成像的信噪比和分辨率,进而为砂岩型铀矿地震叠前或叠后反演奠定可靠的数据基础,有助于实现砂岩型铀成矿环境信息的精细勘探。High-precision seismic reflection imaging data is essential for the fine exploration of thin-layer sand bodies and fault structures in sandstone-type uranium mineralization environments in sedimentary basin.Compared to deep oil and gas resources,sandstone-type uranium deposits are generally buried at shallower depths,have small elastic differences,and are significantly affected by the near-surface geological environment.This leads to key issues in seismic data processing,such as prominent static correction problems,severe linear noise,and dramatic stretch distortion in normal move-out corrections,all of which reduce the quality of reflection wave imaging.To address the above issues and improve the effectiveness of seismic reflection wave exploration for sandstone-type uranium deposits,based on modelled and field data,this study presents a comparative analysis of the critical issues affecting high-precision seismic imaging.It is found that adopting advanced techniques such as tomography static correction based on eikonal equation,linear noise suppression based on high-resolution Radon transform,and seismic reflection imaging based on seismic interferometry can significantly enhance the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of shallow subsurface seismic reflection imaging.This,in turn,supplies a reliable data foundation for the fine seismic inversion with pre-stack or pro-stack data and is helpful to fulfill the fine exploration for the sandstone-type uranium mineralization environments.

关 键 词：地震勘探 线性噪声 静校正 动校正 反射波成像 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]