北山地下实验室场址脊椎动物资源监测  

Vertebrate resources monitoring at Beishan URL

作　　者：彭亮飞 熊能 夏子通[2,3] 凌辉 赵伟[1] PENG Liangfei;XIONG Neng;XIA Zitong;LING Hui;ZHAO Wei(Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 73000,China;Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology,Beijing 100029,China;CAEA Innovation Center for Geological Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学甘肃省环境生物监测与修复重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]核工业北京地质研究院,北京100029 [3]中国国家原子能机构高放废物地质处置创新中心,北京100029

出　　处：《世界核地质科学》2024年第6期1235-1244,共10页World Nuclear Geoscience

基　　金：甘肃省科技计划项目(编号:2022JRSRA469)资助。

摘　　要：北山地下实验室作为我国高放废物地质处置的重要设施,其场址区域的生态环境监测对于评估实验室施工和运行的环境影响和安全评价至关重要。本研究采用样线法、样方法、红外相机监测法和走访调查等方法,对实验室周围5 km内的陆生野生脊椎动物资源进行全面调查,并依据场址区域的动物资源特点提出符合该区域生态特点的长期监测方案,为安全评价提供本底资料和科学依据。2019—2023年共记录到脊椎动物3纲16目32科46种,珍稀濒危物种比例较高,生态系统相对脆弱。记录到的物种主要为古北界物种,分布型主要为中亚型。鸟类多样性最高,居留型以夏候鸟为主。多年监测发现,场址附近动物的物种组成存在较大波动,尤其是鸟类。动物种类的变化除与监测数据积累有关外,更多的是由迁徙季节偶然路过的鸟类物种引起。针对地下实验室场址区域脊椎动物资源特点,本研究建议通过6条鸟类样线、8个啮齿类样方、1个爬行类样方及25个红外相机监测位点对场址区域脊椎动物资源进行长期监测。建议未来关注场址区域脊椎动物物种组成和多样性,以及各类群稳定分布的优势物种的种群数量,如爬行类中的变色沙蜥,鸟类中的石鸡、漠䳭、黑尾地鸦、白喉林莺、荒漠林莺和荒漠伯劳等,中大型哺乳类中的赤狐、蒙古兔、猞猁、戈壁盘羊和鹅喉羚等;小型哺乳类中的子午沙鼠等。The Beishan Underground Research Laboratory(URL)is an important facility for the geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste in China.This study conducted a comprehensive survey of terrestrial wild vertebrate biodiversity within a 5 km radius of the laboratory using line transect sampling,quadrat surveys,infrared camera monitoring,and interviews.Based on the characteristics of the animal resources in the site region,the study proposed a long-term monitoring plan tailored to the ecological features of the area,providing baseline data and scientific support for safety assessment.From 2019 to 2023,a total of 46 species of vertebrates belonging to three classes,16 orders,and 32 families were documented.A high proportion of rare and endangered species was observed,highlighting the ecological fragility of the area.The recorded fauna predominantly exhibit Palearctic biogeographic affinities,with a strong representation of Central Asian distribution types.Among the recorded taxa,birds exhibited the highest diversity,with summer migrants constituting the dominant residency type.Long-term monitoring revealed significant fluctuations in species composition,particularly among birds.These changes were attributed not only to the accumulation of monitoring data but also to the transient presence of migratory bird species passing during seasonal migration.Considering the vertebrate community dynamics around the URL,this study recommends the establishment of a long-term monitoring framework comprising six avian transects,eight rodent quadrats,one reptile quadrat,and 25 infrared camera monitoring points.Future efforts should focus on species composition and diversity of vertebrates,as well as the population dynamics of dominant species with stable distributions across taxa.Key focal species include the Phrynocephalus versicolor among reptiles;Alectoris chukar,Oenanthe deserti,Podoces hendersoni,Curruca curruca,Curruca nana,and Lanius isabellinus among avian;Vulpes vulpes,Lepus tolai,Lynx lynx,Ovis darwini and Gazella subgu

关 键 词：北山地下实验室 脊椎动物 生态系统 动物监测 

分 类 号：Q958.2[生物学—动物学]