制约原镁产业发展的若干痛点问题、解决思路及科学难题  

Pain Points,Potential Solutions and Scientific Challenges in the Development of Primary Magnesium Industry

作　　者：单智伟[1] 杨博 郑芮 王悦存 方华靖 刘博宇[1] 卢思颖 杨唯一 SHAN Zhiwei;YANG Bo;ZHENG Rui;WANG Yuecun;FANG Huajing;LIU Boyu;LU Siying;YANG Weiyi(State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学材料科学与工程学院,金属材料强度国家重点实验室,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2024年第12期1053-1063,共11页Materials China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52342101,52031011);陕西省科技厅中试基地建设类项目(2023ZSJD-05);陕西省高校联合重点研发计划资助项目(2023GXLH-029)。

摘　　要：从21世纪初,中国就已成为世界第一大原镁生产国和镁锭出口国,但近年来我国的原镁产业技术进步放缓、新技术匮乏,难以满足国家日益收紧的节能环保政策要求,面临着前所未有的生存困境。为推动我国原镁工业可持续发展,亟需国家层面的政策引导与支持,加大研发资金的投入,吸引一批高水平的研究队伍,发起新一轮的颠覆性技术革新。梳理了目前原镁冶炼工艺中的一系列关键痛点问题:白云石煅烧能耗高、效率低,硅热法宏量还原装备缺乏,还原剂生产成本、能耗高,精炼工序效率低、环境恶劣,以及镁锭成分检测准确性不足等。通过深入剖析上述问题的起源,进而提出了相应的创新解决思路,包括研发白云石粉体的悬浮态高效煅烧工艺、墙式宏量还原系统、光伏固废硅泥还原剂、全惰性气氛保护下的压力精炼技术及低含量纯镁标准样品等,并凝练了其背后的高价值科学难题,描绘出一幅高效节能、绿色低碳的硅热法炼镁工艺新蓝图。China has become the world's largest primary magnesium producer and magnesium ingot exporter since the beginning of 21st century.However,in recent years,the technological progress of primary magnesium industry has slowed down and there has been a lack of new technologies,making it difficult to meet the country's increasingly tightened energy conservation and environmental protection policies,and facing an unprecedented survival crisis.To promote the sustainable development of China's primary magnesium industry,an increase in research and development funding is urgently needed from the state so as to attract high-level research teams and initiate novel and disruptive technological innovations.A series of key issues in existing primary magnesium production processes have been identified in this article,like low efficiency and high energy consumption of dolomite calcination,the lack of large-scale reduction equipment for the silicothermic process,high costs and energy consumption of reducing agents,low efficiency and poor environment of refining process and inaccurate composition detection of magnesium ingots.Through in-depth analysis of the origin of the above issues,corresponding innovative solutions are put forward,such as the high-efficiency suspension calcination process for dolomite powder,a wall-type large-scale reduction system,photovoltaic solid waste silicon sludge reducing agents,pressure refining technology under a fully inert atmosphere protection,and pure magnesium reference samples with low content,etc.It also highlights high-value scientific problems of these ideas and sketches a new blueprint for an efficient,energy-saving,green and low-carbon silicothermic magnesium smelting process.

关 键 词：原镁 悬浮煅烧 硅热法还原 宏量制备 硅泥 标准样品 

分 类 号：TF822[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]