定向长钻孔区域压裂技术在深埋煤层顶板卸压的应用  

Application of Directional Long Borehole Regional Fracturing Technology in Deeply Buried Coal Seam Roof Pressure Relief

作　　者：李高锋 梁健龙 陈昆 李宝平 胡鹏飞 李培 LI Gaofeng;LIANG Jianlong;CHEN Kun;LI Baoping;HU Pengfei;LI Pei(Shaanxi Huabin Yadian Coal Co.,Ltd.,Xianyang 713500,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西华彬雅店煤业有限公司,陕西咸阳713500

出　　处：《煤炭技术》2025年第1期32-36,共5页Coal Technology

摘　　要：为了对深部工作面顶板有效卸压,避免回采时顶板来压产生巨大的冲击载荷,降低冲击危险性,针对浅孔水力压裂卸压因深度和钻孔角度限制,压裂区域难以有效作用到整个回采工作面的上覆岩层区域的问题,以雅店煤矿ZF1407工作面为背景,采用定向长钻孔水力区域压裂技术对顶板进行预裂,改变围岩深部应力状态和能量积聚程度,以达到控制巷道围岩变形和高效卸压的效果。研究结果表明:压裂前后压裂层位内部裂隙分布发生了较大的变化,压裂岩层中产生了大量裂隙。微震事件分布向工作面聚拢,工作面超前分布距离降低80%,微震事件单日总能量平均值降低63.3%,微震事件单日总频次平均值降低72.5%。长钻孔区域压裂技术对厚硬岩层进行压裂控制,能够降低厚硬岩层的破断步距和能量释放强度,有利于减弱厚硬岩层破断失稳对下伏回采空间的冲击作用,卸压效果明显。In order to effectively unload the pressure on the roof of the deep working face and avoid the enormous impact load caused by roof pressing during mining,reducing the risk of impact,it is necessary to address the issue of the limited effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing in the shallow hole due to depth and borehole angle restrictions in the overlying strata area of the entire mining face.Taking the ZF1407 working face of Yadian coal mine as the background,the directional long borehole hydraulic fracturing technology is employed to pre-fracture the roof,altering the stress state and energy accumulation degree of the surrounding rock in the deep area to achieve controlled deformation of the roadway and efficient pressure relief.Research results indicate significant changes in the distribution of internal fractures in the fractured formation before and after fracturing,with a large number of fractures generated in the fractured layers.The distribution of microseismic events is concentrated towards the working face,reducing the advance distance of the working face by 80%,and the average daily total energy of microseismic events decreased by 63.3%,while the average daily total frequency of microseismic events decreased by 72.5%.The long borehole hydraulic fracturing technology in the thick and hard rock formation provides fracture control,reduces the step distance of fracturing and the intensity of energy release in the thick and hard rock formation,which helps alleviate the impact of fracture instability in the thick and hard rock formation on the underlying mining space,resulting in a significant pressure relief effect.

关 键 词：深埋矿井 定向长钻孔区域水力压裂 顶板卸压 微震监测 

分 类 号：TD322[矿业工程—矿井建设] TD326