数字时代算法传播的主体异化与民主困境  

The Subject Alienation and Democratic Dilemma of AlgorithmPropagation in the Digital Age

作　　者：庞金友[1] 孙玉寻 PANG Jin-you;SUN Yu-xun

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学政治与公共管理学院

出　　处：《学习与探索》2024年第12期45-54,176,共11页Study & Exploration

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金重点项目“大变局时代西方民主危机与治理困境研究”(20ZGA001)。

摘　　要：传播秩序是影响政治社会之民主程度的重要维度。算法以其传播网络的数字聚合、传播空间的数字取向与传播关系的数字构建,构筑了以数字秩序为基础的运行环境。算法传播的数字秩序赋予政治人以新的存在形态——“数字人”。“数字人”是政治主体的异化样态,它以数字升维、数字透明和数字交往为特质,大大降低了政治人的自主性,损害了政治人的尊严感,扭曲了政治人的社会本质。“数字人”的政治主体异化揭示了算法传播的数字权力逻辑。深度嵌入传播过程的算法权力在政治主体之间内置了不对等的权力冲突与非合理的权利让渡困囿,进而扩大了政治主体间的数字权能张力,使民主社会陷入权力实践冲突、权利让渡扭曲与政治共识分裂的困境之中。民主社会的信息技术使用及其传播秩序构建需要确立人之主体相对于技术客体、社会权利相对于公共权力的价值优先性,既要防止技术律令对政治人的环境规训,也要避免技术权力异化对公共福祉的损害。Communication order is an important dimension that affects the degree of democracy in political society.Based on the digital aggregation of the communication network,the digital orientation of the communication space and the digital construction of the communication relationship,the algorithm constructs the living environment based on the digital order.The digital order propagated by algorithms gives political man a new form of existence,that is,“digital man”.“Digital man”is the alienated form of political subject,which is characterized by digital dimension enhancement,digital transparency and digital communication,thus reducing the autonomy of political man,damaging the sense of dignity of political man,and distorting the social essence of political man.The political subject alienation of“digital man”reveals the digital power logic of algorithm propagation.The algorithmic digital power deeply embedded in the communication process has built unequal power conflicts and irrational power transfer traps between political subjects,thus expanding the digital power tension between political subjects,and causing democratic society to fall into the dilemma of power practice conflict,power transfer distortion and political consensus fragmentation.The use of information technology and the construction of its communication order in democratic society need to establish the value priority of human subject relative to technological object and social right relative to public power.It is necessary to prevent the environmental discipline of political person by technological law and the damage to public welfare caused by the alienation of technological power.

关 键 词：数字时代 算法传播 数字权力 数字秩序 “数字人” 

分 类 号：D082[政治法律—政治学]