荷斯坦牛常见单倍型遗传缺陷基因的研究进展  

Research Progress on Common Haplotype Genetic Defects in Holstein Cows

作　　者：赵和平 朱梓枫 武俊明 吕昕哲 陈涛 刘光磊 ZHAO Heping;ZHU Zifeng;WU Junming;LYU Xinzhe;CHEN Tao;LIU Guanglei(Hebei Pinyuan Biotechnology Co.,Ltd,Shijiazhuang Hebei 050000,China;Junlebao Dairy Co.,Ltd,Shijiazhuang Hebei 050000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北品元生物科技有限公司,河北石家庄050000 [2]石家庄君乐宝乳业有限公司,河北石家庄050000

出　　处：《现代畜牧科技》2024年第12期70-73,共4页Modern Animal Husbandry Science & Technology

基　　金：牛奶和外泌体及特异物质的功能与应用的研究项目(2021YFE0115500)。

摘　　要：基因组选择技术已在荷斯坦牛的遗传改良中起到了显著的促进作用,但近交的问题导致遗传缺陷的问题日益凸显。随着基因组SNP数据的积累,促进了多种单倍型遗传缺陷的识别,包括HH1至HH7和最近美国荷斯坦协会认证的MW。由于种公牛选择的限制和人工授精技术的广泛应用,导致奶牛基因库日趋狭窄,近交速度加快,增加了缺陷基因纯合的概率,提升了胚胎早期死亡和犊牛出生缺陷风险。科学的选种选配措施以及利用基因组信息逐步淘汰遗传缺陷基因携带者显得尤为重要。该文旨在综述荷斯坦牛遗传缺陷基因的类别、发病机理、检测方法及其对生产的影响和经济损失的研究进展,同时展望了缺陷基因在育种中的应用管理及前景。Genomic selection technology has significantly facilitated genetic improvement in Holstein cows,yet the issue of inbreeding has accentuated the problem of genetic defects.The accumulation of genomic SNP data has enabled the identification of a variety of haplotype genetic defects,including HH1 to HH7 and the recently discovered MW.The restricted selection of breeding bulls and the extensive use of artificial insemination have led to a narrowing gene pool in dairy cows,accelerating the pace of inbreeding and increasing the likelihood of homozygosity for defect genes,thereby elevating the risk of early embryonic death and congenital defects in calves.Thus,scientific selection and mating measures,along with the utilization of genomic information to gradually eliminate carriers of genetic defect genes,are of paramount importance.This article aims to review the types,pathogenesis,detection methods,impacts on production,and economic losses of genetic defects in Holstein cows.It also anticipates the management and prospects of defective genes in breeding.

关 键 词：基因组选择 荷斯坦牛 单倍型遗传缺陷 胚胎早期死亡 

分 类 号：S823.2[农业科学—畜牧学]