基于先锋树种自然化和均质化混交经营技术的次生林自然度评价  

Naturalness evaluation of secondary forest based on the mixed management techniques of naturalization and homogenization of pioneer tree species

作　　者：常慧娟 付立华 程顺 张菲 张岩 CHANG Huijuan;FU Lihua;CHENG Shun;ZHANG Fei;ZHANG Yan(Saihanba Mechanical Forest Farm of Hebei,Weichang 068466,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省塞罕坝机械林场,河北围场068466

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2024年第24期45-49,共5页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：河北省林业和草原科技推广示范项目“天然次生林结构化经营技术示范推广”(冀TG[2021]013号)。

摘　　要：为探究次生林经营技术对其演替趋势的影响,本研究在天然次生林中实施先锋树种自然化混交技术和先锋树种均质化混交技术,包括伐除质量较差的白桦、山杨等先锋树种,调整树种结构,增加林下更新等措施,对其次生林自然度进行评价。使用演替趋势、结构与格局、物种多样性和干扰程度4个方面的自然构成系数、直径结构和灌木盖度等11个指标建立自然度评价体系,通过层次分析法(AHP)计算样地经营前后的综合评分。结果表明,实施经营技术后,样地顶级树种的相对显著度和相对多度均得到了提高,林下更新良好,垂直结构较经营前完善,灌木盖度增加,减少了破坏性干扰,增加了增益性干扰;自然度得分较经营前有了较大提高,自然度等级提高了2~3个级别。综合结果表明,先锋树种自然化和均质化混交技术促进了次生林的正向演替。To explore the influence of management technology on succession trend of secondary forest,the natural mixing technology of pioneer tree species and the homogeneous mixing technology of pioneer tree species were implemented in natural secondary forest,including cutting down the pioneer tree species with poor quality,adjusting the tree structure,increasing the understory regeneration,and evaluating the naturalness of secondary forest.The naturalness evaluation system was established using 11 indexes including natural composition coefficient,diameter structure,and shrub cover from 4 aspects:succession trend,structure and pattern,species diversity,and disturbance degree.The AHP method was used to calculate the comprehensive scores of plots before and after management.The results showed that the relative significance and relative abundance of the top tree species in the plots were improved after the management technique was applied,the understory regeneration was good,the vertical structure was better than before the management,the shrub cover increased,the destructive disturbance was reduced,and the gain disturbance was increased.The naturalness score had been greatly improved compared with that before management,and the naturalness level had been increased by 2-3 levels.The results showed that the hybridization technique of naturalization and homogenization of pioneer tree species promoted the positive succession of secondary forest.

关 键 词：天然次生林 经营技术 顶级树种 先锋树种 自然度评价 

分 类 号：S725.2[农业科学—林木遗传育种]