热力学视角下的碳中和三问  

Three questions on carbon neutrality from the perspective of thermodynamics

作　　者：曹健 钱红亮 冯新[1] 陆小华[1,3] CAO Jian;QIAN Hongliang;FENG Xin;LU Xiaohua(Sate Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 211816,Jiangsu,China;Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering,School of Engineering,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing 211198,Jiangsu,China;Suzhou Laboratory,Suzhou 215123,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学材料化学工程国家重点实验室,江苏南京211816 [2]中国药科大学工学院制药工程系,江苏南京211198 [3]苏州实验室,江苏苏州215123

出　　处：《化工学报》2024年第11期4378-4384,共7页CIESC Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(22327809)。

摘　　要：2060年碳中和目标下,发展清洁可再生能源势在必行。然而,颠覆百年工业革命下以化石能源为基础的工业文明,建立以清洁能源为基础的全新工业架构存在巨大挑战。关键问题在于可再生能源的物质转化与能量利用的理论极限未知,与之相匹配的工业流程仍不明晰。基于“绿电引入后工业过程热的缺失”问题,本文从“系统—环境”、“热—电”及“效率—速率”三个方面提出热力学视角下的碳中和三问,利用能够描述过程理论极限的热力学方法剖析碳中和问题;并尝试思考基于绿电转换器、光电化学工程、膜分离及热泵等再电气化手段的化学工业流程再造蓝图,以期为理解和布局碳中和所需颠覆性技术提供化工新视角。Under the goal of carbon neutrality in 2060,the development of clean and renewable energy is imperative.However,it is challenging to overturn the energy foundation of the current industrial processes from fossil-based to renewable energy.The key problem lies in the unknown limits on material utilization and energy conversion of renewable energy.In this work,three questions on system and surrounding,heat and electricity,as well as the efficiency and rate were identified.Thermodynamics describing the process limits was used to analyze these questions and discuss the perspectives to achieve carbon neutrality.Based on green electricity converters,photoelectrochemical engineering,membrane separation and heat pumps,a conceptual blueprint of chemical industrial process reengineering was proposed,so as to provide a new perspective for chemical industry to understand and lay out the disruptive technologies required for carbon neutrality.

关 键 词：碳中和 可再生能源 绿电 热力学 再电气化 工业流程再造 

分 类 号：TQ021.2[化学工程]