中国锆矿资源特征、矿床类型、关键应用及找矿远景  

Zircon resource characteristics, deposit types, key applications and prospecting prospects in China

作　　者：尹传凯 王春连[1] 游超 刘殿鹤 颜开 孙珮婕 梁震 宁鹏远 YIN Chuankai;WANG Chunlian;YOU Chao;LIU Dianhe;YAN Kai;SUN Peijie;LIANG Zhen;NING Pengyuan(Key Laboratory of Mineralization and Resource Evaluation,Ministry of Natural Resources,Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China;School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Institute of Sedimentary Geology,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,Sichuan,China;College of Geophysics and Petroleum Resources,Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,Hubei,China;School of Land and Resources Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所,自然资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室,北京100037 [2]北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京100871 [3]成都理工大学沉积地质研究院,四川成都610059 [4]长江大学地球物理与石油资源学院,湖北武汉430100 [5]昆明理工大学国土资源与工程学院,云南昆明650093

出　　处：《中国地质》2024年第6期1930-1945,共16页Geology in China

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目(DD20230291、DD20230056、DD20190606、DD20221684);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(KK2005、KK2322)联合资助。

摘　　要：【研究目的 】锆是一种稀有金属,是关键金属矿产之一,因其耐高温、抗腐蚀、易加工、机械性能好、化学性质稳定等特点,锆金属和锆的化合物在军事工业、耐火材料、陶瓷等行业均有关键应用,锆石在地质定年和示踪岩浆源区方面应用广泛。【研究方法 】本文通过收集整理总结前人研究资料,对中国锆矿资源分布、锆矿床类型特征以及锆金属及其合金的关键应用进行研究。【研究结果 】中国锆矿床主要分布于内蒙古、海南、广东、云南和广西5省,这5个省区的锆矿储量之和占全国储量的97.6%。中国锆矿资源禀赋较差,储量约50万t(以ZrO_(2)计),仅占全球储量的0.7%。中国每年锆矿需求量约120万t,但中国每年锆矿进口量约110万t,锆矿对外依赖程度高达90%以上。中国锆矿床可分为内生矿床和外生矿床两类,其中内生矿床可分为碱性花岗岩型、伟晶岩型、碱性岩型和变粒岩型,外生矿床可分为滨海沉积型、河流冲积型、风化壳和残坡积型。【结论 】综合前人研究资料认为,内生矿床与碱性岩、碱性花岗岩、伟晶岩关系密切,塔里木—华北克拉通北缘断裂带和大兴安岭南段具有较大找矿潜力;外生矿床以砂矿床为主,主要分布于海南岛沿海地带、东南沿海地带和环渤海—黄海地带,海南岛东部海域、西部昌化江河口和胶东半岛东南沿海区有较大找矿潜力。This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.Objective Zirconium is a rare metal and one of the key metal minerals.Because of its high temperature resistance,corrosion resistance,easy processing,good mechanical properties and stable chemical properties,zirconium metal and zirconium compounds have key applications in military industry,refractories,ceramics and other industries,and zircon is widely used in geological dating and tracing magma source areas.Methods By collecting and summarizing the previous research data,this paper studies the distribution of zirconium ore resources,the characteristics of zirconium deposit types and the key applications of zirconium metal and its alloys in China.Results Zirconium deposits in China are mainly distributed in Inner Mongolia,Hainan,Guangdong,Yunnan and Guangxi provinces,and the sum of the zirconium deposits in these five provinces accounts for 97.6%of the national reserves.Zirconium mine in China has a poor resource endowment,with a reserve of about 500000 tons(calculated by ZrO_(2)),accounting for only 1%of the global reserves.China's annual demand for zirconium ore is about 1.2 million tons,but China's annual imports of zirconium ore are about 1.1 million tons,and the degree of external dependence of zirconium ore is as high as 90%.Zirconium deposits in China can be divided into endogenetic deposits and exogenetic deposits,among which endogenetic deposits can be divided into four types:alkaline granite,pegmatite,alkaline rock and granulite,while exogenetic deposits can be divided into three types:coastal deposit,river impact,weathering crust and eluvial deposit.Conclusions Based on previous research data,endogenetic deposits are closely related to alkaline rocks,alkaline granites and pegmatites,and the northern margin fault zone of Tarim−North China Craton and the southern section of Daxing'anling Mountains have great prospecting potential.Exogenous deposits are mainly sand deposits,which are mainly distributed in the coastal zone of Hainan Island,the s

关 键 词：锆矿 矿床类型 内生矿床 外生矿床 矿床特征 开发利用 找矿远景 矿产勘查工程 

分 类 号：P618.6[天文地球—矿床学]