骨骼肌延迟性增强效应改善运动表现的作用机制、影响因素与应用策略  

Skeletal Muscle Delayed Potentiation Effects Enhance Athletic Performance:Mechanisms of Action,Influencing Factors,and Application Strategies

作　　者：郭成根 刘奕君 陈奥娜 李福有 GUO Chenggen;LIU Yijun;CHEN Aona;LI Fuyou(Department of Physical Fitness,Wuhan Sports University,Wuhan,Hubei 430079,China;The Research Center for High-Quality Development of Characteristic Competitive Sports,Wuhan Sports University,Wuhan,Hubei 430079,China;School of Physical Education,Hunan International Economics University,Changsha,Hunan 410205,China;School of Physical Education,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China;School of Physical Education and Sports,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉体育学院体能教研室,湖北武汉430079 [2]武汉体育学院特色竞技体育高质量发展研究中心,湖北武汉430079 [3]湖南涉外经济学院体育学院,湖南长沙410205 [4]武汉理工大学体育学院,湖北武汉430070 [5]北京师范大学体育与运动学院,北京100875

出　　处：《首都体育学院学报》2024年第6期658-669,共12页Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(24YJC890016);湖北省教育厅科学技术研究项目(Q20234103)。

摘　　要：延迟性增强效应(DLP)作为一种通过比赛或训练前预激活诱导特定生理反应改善运动表现的新策略,国内鲜见有相关文献。运用文献研究法、专家访谈法、数理统计法等方法,厘清DLP的作用机制、影响因素和应用策略,为我国相关体育运动理论研究与训练实践提供新视角。经研究发现:1)诱导DLP改善运动表现的最佳时间段是比赛或训练前6~33 h;2)睾酮日节律变异、刚度调控、体温调节、高阶运动单位募集、肌球蛋白调节轻链磷酸化和心理准备是DLP改善运动表现的主要机制;3)力量水平、激活方式、负荷强度、负荷量、恢复时间和肌纤维类型是影响DLP改善运动表现的主要因素;4)设计专项化的激活方式、施加最佳的激活负荷和选择合适的激活时间是DLP实践应用的优化策略。深化DLP的理论认识对于优化运动训练方案、改善运动员竞技表现以及推动我国体育科技创新具有重要的借鉴价值和引领作用。未来可着重从DLP与PAP(激活后增强效应)的关系、DLP“窗口期”的精准把控、DLP的效益转换等方面展开研究。Delayed Potentiation(DLP)is an emerging strategy designed to enhance athletic performance by inducing specific physiological responses through pre-competition or pre-training muscle activation.However,research on DLP has been limited in China.This study utilized a combination of literature review,expert interviews,and statistical analysis to elucidate the mechanisms,influencing factors,and practical applications of DLP,aiming to offer new perspectives for both theoretical research and training practices in China.The findings are as follows:1)the optimal time frame for DLP-induced performance enhancement is between 6 and 33 hours before competition or training;2)primary mechanisms by which DLP enhances performance include testosterone’s circadian variation,stiffness modulation,thermoregulation,recruitment of higher-order motor units,phosphorylation of myosin light chain,and psychological readiness;3)factors influencing DLP efficacy include strength level,activation method,loading intensity,recovery time,and muscle fiber type;4)optimal strategies to maximize DLP’s effectiveness involve selecting appropriate activation methods,adjusting activation load,and timing activation precisely.Deepening the theoretical understanding of DLP plays a crucial role in optimizing sports training programs,improving athletes’competitive performance,and fostering the innovative development of sports science in China.Future research should focus on the relationship between DLP and post-activation potentiation(PAP),precision in controlling the DLP“window period,”and methods to sustain DLP benefits.

关 键 词：激活后增强效应 PAP 力量和爆发力 体能训练 专项表现 预激活 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]