基于光热改性的复合纤维毡及其在高黏度油吸附中的应用  

Composite fiber felts based on photothermal modification and their application in high viscosity oil adsorption

作　　者：刘延波 高鑫羽[1,2] 郝铭 胡晓东 杨波 LIU Yanbo;GAO Xinyu;HAO Ming;HU Xiaodong;YANG Bo(School of Textile Science and Engineering,Wuhan Textile University,Wuhan,Hubei 430200,China;State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies,Wuhan Textile University,Wuhan,Hubei 430200,China;School of Textile Science and Engineering,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉纺织大学纺织科学与工程学院,湖北武汉430200 [2]武汉纺织大学省部共建纺织新材料与先进加工技术国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430200 [3]天津工业大学纺织科学与工程学院,天津300387

出　　处：《纺织学报》2024年第11期55-64,共10页Journal of Textile Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51973168);“武汉英才”湖北省武汉市高层次人才项目(武财行[2022]734)。

摘　　要：为解决生产、生活中高黏度油泄露和海上溢油事故问题,首先采用聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)热黏合聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)构造三维纤维毡基材,再采用原位还原法制备还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)纤维毡即rGO-PET/PVDF纤维毡。采用共混热黏合法黏附炭黑(CB)制备CB-PET/PVDF纤维毡,并对其结构和油处理性能进行探究。结果表明:rGO-PET/PVDF和CB-PET/PVDF纤维毡均为三维多孔结构,具有较好的抗压缩疲劳性和优异的疏水亲油特性,水接触角分别为154.5°和125.9°,油接触角均为0°;此外,这2种纤维毡表现出较强的光热转化能力,室温下光照3 min后其温度分别从室温升高到107和122℃;加热高黏度油到对应温度后,2种纤维毡吸收1滴油的时间均在1 min以内,未加热则分别需要5 min和10 min;黏度、吸油倍率分别从常温下的3.79 g/g和13.48 g/g到现在的7.85 g/g和21.91 g/g,同时2种纤维毡在常温下对有机溶剂和油的吸附倍率分别为3.79~21.42 g/g和13.48~40.37 g/g。为高黏度油的快速处理提供了一种新的解决方法。Objective Due to the gradual depletion of petroleum energy and the increasingly serious oil pollution,efficient cleaning and recovery of crude oil become an important issue.However,due to the high viscosity and poor fluidity of crude oil,it is difficult for traditional oil-absorbing materials to deal with crude oil spills quickly and effectively.Therefore,it is necessary to develop fiber felts with the ability to absorb high-viscosity oil.Method Three-dimensional porous fiber felt(PET/PVDF)was prepared from polyethylene terephthalate(PET)and polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF),reduced graphene oxide fiber felt(rGO-PET/PVDF)was prepared by in-situ reduction method,and carbon black fiber felt(CB-PET/PVDF)was prepared by hot bonding.The morphology,mechanical properties,photo-assisted heating and oil absorption properties of the three fiber felts were systematically analyzed and compared to explore the feasibility of viscous oil treatment.Results The experimental results showed that the rGO-PET/PVDF and CB-PET/PVDF were three-dimensional porous structures,in which the holes and fiber surfaces of the rGO-PET/PVDF fiber felt were scattered with reduced graphene oxide particles,while the CB-PET/PVDF fiber felt was attached to the fiber surface under the action of PVDF hot melt adhesive.Due to the different preparation process and modified material characteristics,both the two fiber felts demionstrated thermal stability,favorable hydrophobicity and oleophilicity,mechanical properties,adsorption properties,but showed different photothermal properties.The porosities of the rGO-PET/PVDF and CB-PET/PVDF fiber felts were 82.46%and 96.47%,respectively,and the thermal stability of the CB-PET/PVDF fiber felt was better.The water contact angles of the two were 154.5°and 125.9°,respectively,and the oil contact angle is 0°,showing strong hydrophobic and oleophilic properties.For the rGO-PET/PVDF filter,the maximum compressive stress corresponding to a single compression cycle was 119.20 kPa,while that for the CB-PET/PVDF fiter is 34.2

关 键 词：光热转化 高黏度油吸附 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 聚偏氟乙烯 纤维毡 还原氧化石墨烯 炭黑 

分 类 号：TS104.76[轻工技术与工程—纺织工程]