基于单缝衍射的简支梁挠曲度法测量固体杨氏模量实验探究  

Experimental Study on Measurement of Young’s Modulus of Solid by Simply Supported Beam Deflection Method Based on Single Slit Diffraction

作　　者：王双莹 蔡昭 景锐平[1] WANG Shuangying;CAI Zhao;JING Ruiping(The School of Mathematics and Physice,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China;Wuhan Maxwell Tethnology Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)数学与物理学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]武汉麦斯威科技有限公司,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《大学物理实验》2024年第6期19-24,共6页Physical Experiment of College

基　　金：2022教育部协同育人项目(220603584244023);2023年中国地质大学(武汉)实验技术研究项目-弹性力学综合实验仪(SJ-202311);2024年中国地质大学(武汉)数理学院课程思政示范课程和教学团队资助项目(SL2024A07)。

摘　　要：杨氏模量测量一直是大学物理实验中的一个很重要的实验项目,本文利用单缝衍射装置将简支梁的挠曲度转化为狭缝缝宽的变化量,从而得出梁体的杨氏模量。为提高装置的测量精度和数字化程度,采用CCD相机对衍射光斑进行拍摄,并利用数值软件对拍摄图片进行处理得到衍射光斑的宽度和狭缝宽度,从而得到待测物的杨氏模量。该测量方案实验原理清晰合理,实验测量精度较高,同时将力学与光学进行交叉融合,能有效拓展学生思维能力,培养学生创新能力,使学生更深入理解光的衍射原理及杨氏模量的测量方法;同时本实验使用数值软件对图像进行处理而得到实验结果,使实验操作更加高效智能。The experimental project of Young’s modulus measurement is very important in the college physics experiment.In this paper,the deflection of a simply supported beam is transformed into the change of the width of the slit by means of a single slit diffraction device,and the Young modulus of the beam is obtained.In order to improve the measuring precision and digital degree of the device,a CCD camera is used to photograph the diffraction spot,and use numerical software to process the photographed pictures to get the width of the diffraction spot and the slit width,so as to get the Young modulus of the object to be measured.The experimental principle of this measurement scheme is clear and reasonable,and the experimental measurement accuracy is high.Meanwhile,the cross-fertilisation of mechanics and optics can effectively expand students thinking ability and innovation ability,make students understand the principle of light diffraction and the measurement method of Young modulus more deeply;at the same time,the experimental results are obtained by using the numerical software to process the images,which makes the experimental operation more efficient and intelligent.

关 键 词：夫琅禾费衍射 杨氏模量 图像处理 

分 类 号：O436.1[机械工程—光学工程]