利用光学方法测量线膨胀系数实验装置的研究  

Research on an Experimental Setup for Measuring the Coefficient of Linear Expansion Using Optical Methods

作　　者：景文豪 王鑫鑫 谢荣柯 李海林 夏湘芳[1] JING Wenhao;WANG Xinxin;XIE Rongke;LI Hailin;XIA Xiangfang(College of Science,Hunan University of Technology,Zhuzhou 412000,China;College of Materials and Advanced Manufacturing,Hunan University of Technology,Zhuzhou 412000,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Hunan University of Technology,Zhuzhou 412000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南工业大学理学院,湖南株洲412000 [2]湖南工业大学材料与先进制造学院,湖南株洲412000 [3]湖南工业大学机械工程学院,湖南株洲412000

出　　处：《大学物理实验》2024年第6期64-67,共4页Physical Experiment of College

基　　金：湖南省大学生创析训练计划一般项目(S202411535073)。

摘　　要：线膨胀系数是材料的重要热物理特性之一,广泛应用于工程结构设计、机械制造等领域。传统测量方法存在精度低、受外界条件影响大等问题。为了提高测量数据的可靠性,本研究设计了一种新型仪器,可同时利用两种方法测量物体的线膨胀系数。本实验利用劈尖干涉法和单缝衍射法测量一定温度变化范围内的铝棒的线膨胀量,并利用matlab对数据进行处理。实验结果表明,两种方法可以在互不干扰的情况下同时进行,得到的数据较为精确,并且新型仪器具有高测量精度、重复性好、操作方便等优点,为材料热性能研究提供了一种有效方法。The coefficient of linear expansion is one of the important thermophysical properties of materials,which is widely used in engineering structure design,machinery manufacturing and other fields.Traditional measurement methods have problems such as low accuracy and great influence by external conditions.In order to improve the reliability of the measurement data,a new instrument was designed to measure the linear expansion coefficient of an object using two methods at the same time.In this experiment,the linear expansion of aluminum rods within a certain temperature range was measured by split-tip interferometry and single-slit diffraction,and the data were processed by matlab.The experimental results show that the two methods can be carried out at the same time without interfering with each other,and the data obtained are relatively accurate,and the new instrument has the advantages of high measurement accuracy,good repeatability and convenient operation,which provides an effective method for the study of thermal properties of materials.

关 键 词：大学物理实验 线膨胀系数 劈尖干涉 单缝衍射 微小长度测量 

分 类 号：O551.3[理学—热学与物质分子运动论]