基于木本泥炭的土壤健康培育研究进展  

Research Progress on Soil Health Cultivation Based on Woody Peat

作　　者：马志伟 张丛志[1] 赵占辉[1] 吴其聪[1] 赵金花[1] 陈卓 李敬王 张楠 薛雅 王娅茹 陆芸萱 张佳宝[1] MA Zhiwei;ZHANG Congzhi;ZHAO Zhanhui;WU Qicong;ZHAO Jinhua;CHEN Zhuo;LI Jingwang;ZHANG Nan;XUE Ya;WANG Yaru;LU Yunxuan;ZHANG Jiabao(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture/Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 211135,P.R.China;College of Resources&Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室/中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京211135 [2]山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2024年第12期1964-1977,共14页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1500905,2022YFD1500905);中国科学院前瞻战略科技先导专项(XDA0440103)。

摘　　要：保障土壤健康和肥力是实现可持续农业生产的关键,尤其是在土地退化和粮食安全等全球挑战日益严峻的背景下。传统的土壤质量提升方法通常耗时较长,受制于土壤有机质积累过程的缓慢特性。木本泥炭,作为一种天然腐殖质材料,因其高有机碳含量、高腐殖化程度以及改善土壤结构和微生物活性的能力,成为应对这些挑战的潜在解决方案。综述了关于木本泥炭的性质及其应用的研究,重点探讨了其在增强土壤团聚体稳定性、降低重金属毒性以及减少温室气体排放方面的作用。在土壤改良方面,木本泥炭能够快速提升土壤有机质含量、改善团聚体结构、增强微生物活性,从而提高土壤肥力和作物产量。在污染修复方面,木本泥炭也表现出显著优势,通过物理吸附、化学络合及离子交换等机制,降低土壤重金属和有机污染物的生物有效性及毒性,显著改善土壤质量和生态环境。相比传统改良材料如秸秆还田,木本泥炭的长期稳定性使其能够实现更高效的固碳减排目标,助力缓解全球气候变化。在矿区复垦、新垦耕地及设施农业中,木本泥炭展现了独特的应用价值,有效提升土壤物理化学性质和生物功能,促进农业和生态系统可持续发展。未来研究应聚焦于木本泥炭的施用策略优化,与其他改良材料的协同效应,对土壤微生物群落的长期影响,以及环境安全性评估,以实现其在不同农业系统中的高效利用,为全球农业可持续发展提供技术支撑。Ensuring soil health and fertility is crucial for achieving sustainable agricultural development,especially in the context of escalating global challenges such as land degradation and food security.Traditional soil improvement methods often progress slowly due to the gradual accumulation of organic matter.Woody peat,as a natural humus material,has become a potential solution due to its high organic carbon content,high degree of humification,and its ability to improve soil structure and microbial activity.This study explores the properties and applications of woody peat,focusing on its role in enhancing soil aggregate stability,reducing heavy metal toxicity,and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.Woody peat can rapidly increase soil organic matter content,improve soil structure,thereby boosting soil fertility and crop yields.Additionally,through mechanisms such as physical adsorption and ion exchange,woody peat can significantly improve soil quality and ecological health.This will ensure the efficient use of woody peat in various agricultural systems,providing important technical support for global agricultural sustainability.

关 键 词：木本泥炭 有机质提升 重金属钝化 固碳减排 矿区复垦 设施农业 生态修复 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学] X144[农业科学—农业基础科学]