“摸鱼”如何带来创新?恢复体验曲线中介效应的情景实验与调查证据  

How“slacking off”sparks innovation:Evidence from a scenario experiment and a survey study on curvilinear mediation of recovery experience

作　　者：徐世勇[1] 杨春梦 李超平[2,3] 李海蓉 XU Shiyong;YANG Chunmeng;LI Chaoping;LI Hairong(School of Labor and Human Resources,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;Department of Organizational and Human Resources Management,School of Public Administration and Policy,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;The Center for Talent and Leadership,School of Public Administration and Policy,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学劳动人事学院 [2]中国人民大学公共管理学院组织与人力资源研究所 [3]中国人民大学公共管理学院人才与领导力研究中心,北京100872

出　　处：《心理学报》2025年第1期135-151,共17页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72472153)资助;中国人民大学校级计算平台支持。

摘　　要：基于资源保存理论,文章探索了时间窃取行为的过犹不及效应,分析其如何通过恢复体验对创新行为产生影响,以及正念的调节作用。通过对情景回顾实验的182份样本和三轮问卷调研的503份领导−员工配对数据进行统计检验,结果发现:(1)时间窃取与恢复体验呈倒U型关系,并进一步对创新行为产生影响;(2)正念调节了时间窃取通过恢复体验对创新行为的影响,即员工的正念水平越高,时间窃取对恢复体验的影响以及通过恢复体验对创新行为的间接作用越强。文章发现时间窃取可以作为一种工作内恢复形式影响员工的恢复体验和创新行为,这一观点丰富了时间窃取相关文献,拓展了工作内恢复的效果和机制研究,同时也为管理员工“摸鱼”提供了实践启示。In the digital economy era,employees’time theft—defined as engaging in unapproved non-work-related activities during work hours—has become increasingly hidden and widespread.Most prior studies have assumed that such behavior negatively impacts performance,focusing on mechanisms to reduce time theft within organizations.However,few have considered the potential positive effects of time theft or the conditions under which it may yield positive or negative outcomes.Drawing on the conservation of resources theory,this study examines the“too-much-of-a-good-thing”effect of time theft and explores how and under what circumstances it influences innovative behavior through recovery experience.Additionally,we investigate the moderating role of mindfulness to identify the boundary conditions of time theft’s effects.To ensure both internal and external validity,we adopted a combination of experimental study(Study 1)and survey study(Study 2).In Study 1,we utilized a single-factor,three-level between-subjects design,randomly assigning 182 participants to one of three conditions.Participants first assessed their mindfulness traits and provided demographic information.They were then instructed to recall and describe a recent workplace time theft incident at one of three levels(high,medium,or low).Afterward,they completed measures of mindfulness and recovery experience and a manipulation check.In Study 2,we used a multi-wave,multi-source design to collect data from 633 employees.The survey was conducted in three phases,with a one-month interval between each phase.In the end,we obtained a leader-employee matched dataset with 503 observations across all three waves to test the proposed model.The experimental data(Study 1)showed that participants in the medium-level time theft group reported significantly higher recovery experience compared to those in the low-and high-level time theft conditions.The results also suggested that mindfulness moderated the relationship between time theft and recovery experience.Employees wi

关 键 词：时间窃取 恢复体验 正念 创新行为 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C93[哲学宗教—心理学]