干旱胁迫下负压灌溉对玉米生理特性及氮代谢的影响  

The effects of negative pressure irrigation on physiological characteristics and nitrogen metabolism of maize

作　　者：王金乐 张吉立[2] 龙怀玉[3] 王孟雪[1] 王鹏[1] WANG Jin-le;ZHANG Ji-li;LONG Huai-yu;WANG Meng-xue;WANG peng(Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163319,China;Daqing Vocational College,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163255,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]大庆职业学院,黑龙江大庆163255 [3]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第12期2410-2420,共11页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFE0112300)。

摘　　要：【目的】干旱地区水资源有限,难以确保作物持续获得水分。本研究创新性地引入了负压灌溉系统,旨在深入探讨在干旱胁迫下负压灌溉如何影响玉米的生理特性以及氮素代谢过程,以期为干旱地区农业节水灌溉提供技术支撑。【方法】试验在黑龙江八一农垦大学试验基地进行,共设置了干旱胁迫下负压灌溉-10 kPa(H1)、干旱胁迫下人工浇灌(H2)、干旱胁迫下负压灌溉-15 kPa(H3)以及常规浇灌(CK)4个处理,H1和H3处理均在全生育期进行负压灌溉,测定拔节期、抽雄期、灌浆期、成熟期玉米生长、氮代谢相关指标及产量。【结果】在玉米拔节期至成熟期,CK处理土壤含水量为田间持水量的80.0%~90.4%,H1处理稳定在田间持水量的49.9%~53.0%,H2处理为田间持水量的29.1%~46.8%,H3处理为田间持水量的38.6%~41.4%。在拔节期、抽雄期、灌浆期和成熟期,H1处理株高较H2处理分别提高了64.4%、29.8%、19.5%和20.1%。在抽雄期和成熟期,H1处理茎粗较CK处理分别降低了48.4%和49.3%;拔节期H1处理茎粗显著高于H2处理,其余生育时期H1与H2处理之间无显著差异。在4个生育期,H1处理玉米干物质积累量较H2处理分别提高了20.2%~44.8%;H1处理氮素吸收量较H2处理分别提高了43.1%~151.9%。在拔节期至成熟期,玉米硝酸还原酶活性呈逐渐增加趋势,其中以H1处理最高,比CK处理提高24.8%~99.9%,比H2处理提高41.6%~427.4%,比H3处理提高25.8%~94.0%;H1处理谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性分别比CK处理提高118.9%~156.4%,比H2处理提高255.4%~293.5%,比H3处理提高了84.5%~98.4%;H1处理谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶(GPT)活性比CK处理提高35.8%~81.8%,比H2处理提高111.9%~194.3%,比H3处理提高了21.6%~90.9%。在拔节期至成熟期,H1处理叶片硝态氮含量较H2处理提高了152.3%~296.7%,较H3处理提高了36.9%~89.4%,较CK处理提高了62.6%~162.7%;H1处理氨基酸含量较H2处理提高了39.4%~139.6%,较H3处理提高了15.2%~87【Objectives】In response to the challenge of limited water resources and the difficulty in ensuring a sustainable water supply for crops in arid areas,this study innovatively introduces a negative pressure irrigation system.The aim is to explore in depth how negative pressure irrigation affects the physiological functional characteristics and nitrogen metabolism of maize under drought stress,providing new scientific strategies and technical support for agricultural irrigation in arid regions.【Methods】The experiment was conducted at the experimental base of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University in Heilongjiang Province.Four treatments were set up:negative pressure irrigation under drought stress at-10 kPa(H1),artificial irrigation under drought stress(H2),negative pressure irrigation under drought stress at-15 kPa(H3),and conventional watering(CK).Negative pressure irrigation was applied throughout the entire growth period for H1 and H3 treatments to study changes in maize growth,yield,and nitrogen metabolism-related indicators.【Results】During the jointing,heading,filling,maturity stages of maize,the soil moisture content of CK treatment was 80.0%to 90.4%of the field capacity,H1 treatment remained stable at 49.9%to 53.0%of the field capacity,H2 treatment was 29.1%to 46.8%of the field capacity,and H3 treatment was 38.6%to 41.4%of the field capacity.Plant height in H1 increased by 64.4%,29.8%,19.5%,and 20.1%compared to H2 plants.During the tasseling and maturation stages,the stem diameter of H1 treatment decreased by 48.4%and 49.3%compared to CK treatment;during the jointing stage,the stem diameter of H1 treatment was significantly higher than that of H2 treatment,while there was no significant difference between H1 and H2 treatments during other growth stages.In the four growth stages,the dry matter accumulation of maize under H1 treatment was increased by 20.2%-44.8%compared with H2 treatment.The nitrogen absorption of H1 treatment was increased by 43.1%-151.9%compared with H2 treatment.From jointin

关 键 词：干旱胁迫 负压灌溉 玉米 氮代谢 生理特性 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]