高水头、多泥沙、径流式电站的转轮选型研究  

Runner Selection Study for High-Head,Multiple-Sediment,Run-of-River Power Plants

作　　者：蔡垚[1] 蔡正华 CAI Yao;CAI Zhenghua(Xiaowan Hydropower Plant,Huaneng Lancang River Co.,Ltd.,Dali 675700,China;Jinkang Electric Power Development Co.,Ltd.,Kangding 626000,China)

机构地区：[1]华能澜沧江水电有限公司小湾水电厂,云南大理675700 [2]金康电力发展有限公司,四川康定626000

出　　处：《自动化仪表》2024年第12期95-98,105,共5页Process Automation Instrumentation

摘　　要：高水头、多泥沙、径流式电站混流式水轮发电机组运行过程中易出现机组工况极差、效率极低、噪声大、检修频繁等问题,影响甚至威胁到机组及整个电站的安全。为解决上述问题,对高水头、多泥沙、径流式电站的转轮选型进行了研究。讨论了3个水电站的基本情况及多年运行中水力机械方面存在的重大安全隐患,报告了机组过流部件损坏非常严重的现状。探讨转轮选型在效率、结构、水头变幅适应范围、机组出力、厂房开挖、成本情况、检修维护、运行安全及加工能力等方面的合理性,确定选择更具优势的冲击式转轮。对高水头、多泥沙、径流式电站进行转轮选型,可在一定程度上保证机组及整个电站的安全、可靠。该研究为转轮选型的实际应用提供了一定的理论参考。High-head,multiple-sediment,run-of-river power plants mixed flow type hydro generator sets are prone to problems such as extremely poor working condition,extremely low efficiency,high noise,frequent maintenance,etc.,during operation,which affect or even threaten the safety of the units and the whole power plants.To solve the above problems,the runner selection of high-head,multiple-sediment,run-of-river power plants are studied.The basic situation of the three hydropower plants and the major safety hazards in hydromechanics during years of operation are discussed,and the current situation of very serious damage to the unit’s overcurrent components is reported.The reasonableness of the runner selection in terms of efficiency,structure,adaptable range of head variation,unit output,plant excavation,the cost situation,overhauling and maintenance,operation safety and processing capacity,etc.,is discussed,and it is determined to select the more advantageous impulse type runner.The runner selection for high-head,multiple-sediment,run-of-river power plants can ensure the safety and reliability of the unit and the whole power plant to a certain extent.This study provides certain theoretical reference for the practical application of runner selection.

关 键 词：水轮机 转轮选型 水电站 高水头 多泥沙 径流式 冲击式 混流式 

分 类 号：TH703[机械工程—仪器科学与技术]