气凝胶在防火和灭火领域的应用研究进展  

Research progress in the application of aerogels in fire prevention and suppression

作　　者：王伊辰 李思成 王学宝 Wang Yichen;Li Sicheng;Wang Xuebao(Graduate School,China People's Police University,Hebei Langfang 065000,China;Fire Engineering School,China People's Police University,Hebei Langfang 065000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民警察大学研究生院,河北廊坊065000 [2]中国人民警察大学防火工程学院,河北廊坊065000

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2024年第12期1683-1689,共7页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(236Z5403G)。

摘　　要：气凝胶是一种新型的纳米多孔轻质固体材料,具有优异的隔热性能和吸附性能,在国民经济的多个领域展现出广阔的应用前景。本文首先简述了气凝胶的隔热机理和吸附机理,然后重点从防火保温材料、防火隔热材料、气凝胶灭火剂3个方面系统梳理了近年来气凝胶在防火和灭火领域的应用研究进展。并指出了气凝胶在防火和灭火领域应用存在的问题,如制备成本高、有机溶剂用量大和力学性能不佳等,并对未来气凝胶在防火和灭火领域应用研究的发展方向进行展望。Aerogel is a new type of nanoporous lightweight solid material with excellent thermal insulation and adsorption properties,which shows a wide range of application prospects in many fields of national economy.In this paper,the heat insulation mechanism and adsorption mechanism of aerogel are briefly describes.Then the research progress of the application of aerogel in the field of fire prevention and fire extinguishing in recent years is reviewed from three aspects:fireproof and heat preservation materials,fireproof and thermal insulation materials,and aerogel fire extinguishing agents.It also pointed out the problems of aerogel application in fire prevention and extinguishing,such as high preparation cost,large amount of organic solvent and poor mechanical properties,etc.,and made an outlook on the future development direction of aerogel application research in fire prevention and extinguishing.

关 键 词：气凝胶 防火保温材料 气凝胶防火涂料 气凝胶灭火剂 气凝胶消防服 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]