基于环境与生理参数的应急救援人员作业效能评估  

Emergency rescuers’working efficiency assessment based on environmental conditions and physiological responses

作　　者：杨杰 王倩 贺治超 翁文国[2] Yang Jie;Wang Qian;He Zhichao;Weng Wenguo(College of Safety Science and Engineering,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Shaanxi Xi'an 710054,China;School of Safety Science,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学安全科学与工程学院,陕西西安710054 [2]清华大学安全科学学院,北京100084

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2024年第12期1745-1752,共8页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发项目“高集成救援人员个体防护装备”(2022YFC3006100)。

摘　　要：为了保障应急救援人员生命安全、提升灾害应对能力,开展应急救援人员作业效能评估研究。提出有毒有害气体浓度预测与等级划分模型,通过人体脆弱性模型确定了致死因子、气体浓度、暴露时间的定量关系,利用遗传算法对非线性高斯模型进行源项反算,实现气体浓度分布预测与危险等级划分。建立适用于灾害极端环境的宽温域人体热反应模型、多层织物热传递模型、皮肤烧伤模型,用于模拟典型热生理参数、换热量、皮肤烧伤等参数。建立多源信息融合模型,利用人体生理、心理、认知参数等预测救援人员的作业效能等级。基于环境与生命体征模型,研发应急救援人员作业效能评估与安全预警软件平台,平台具备气体浓度分布、危险等级、人体热反应参数、皮肤烧伤等级与时间、效能等级、安全预警等预测功能。本研究有助于实现个体防护装备从“被动防护”转为“主动防护”,解决应急救援缺乏辅助决策系统和多源信息集成不够的问题,为科学救援提供理论与软件支撑。To improve emergency rescuers’safety and disaster response capabilities,emergency rescuers’working efficiency assessment and safety warning were investigated.Concentration prediction and hazard level classification models for toxic and flammable gases were proposed.The human vulnerability model was used to quantitatively determine the association between lethal factors,gas concentration,and exposure time.The genetic algorithm was back-calculated using a nonlinear Gaussian model to determine gas concentration distribution prediction and hazard level classification.A human thermal model used in a wide range of ambient temperatures in disaster environments,a multi-layer fabric heat and moisture transfer model,and a skin burn model were proposed to predict typical physiological responses,heat flux,and skin burn injuries.A multi-source information fusion model was developed to predict rescuers'working effectiveness level with human physiological,psychological,and cognitive inputs.Integrating the proposed series of models of environments and physiological responses,a software platform for emergency rescuers’working efficiency and safety warning was developed to simulate gas concentration distribution,hazard level classification,physiological responses,skin burn time and level,working efficiency level,and safety warning.This study helps transform personal protective equipment from‘passive protection’to‘active protection’,solves the issues of lack of a decision-making system and insufficient integration of multi-source information in emergency rescue,and provides theoretical and software support for scientific rescue.

关 键 词：个体防护 应急救援人员 效能评估 安全预警 防护服 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学] X968