紫铜管半自动TIG电弧熔钎焊接头组织与性能研究  

Research on the Microstructure and Properties of Semi-Automatic TIG Arc Welding and Brazing Joints of Copper Tubes

作　　者：王孟果 邵丹丹 李武凯 孙大翔 谢咏馨 WANG Mengguo;SHAO Dandan;LI Wukai;SUN Daxiang;XIE Yongxin(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding Technology for Ships,CSSC Huangpu Wenchong Shipbuilding Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510715,China;Center for Industrial Analysis and Testing,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510650,China;Guangzhou Wenchong Shipyard Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510727,China)

机构地区：[1]中船黄埔文冲船舶有限公司广东省舰船先进焊接技术重点实验室,广东广州510725 [2]广东省科学院工业分析检测中心,广东广州510650 [3]广州文冲船厂有限责任公司,广东广州510727

出　　处：《电焊机》2024年第12期62-67,共6页Electric Welding Machine

基　　金：工信部高技术船舶科研项目(CJ05N20);广东省舰船先进焊接技术重点实验室(2023B1212070026)。

摘　　要：采用硅青铜焊丝SG-CuSi3作为钎料,工业硼砂作为钎剂,对ϕ34 mm和ϕ38 mm的紫铜管搭接接头进行火焰钎焊和半自动TIG电弧熔钎焊试验。通过宏观观察、水压试验、力学性能测试、金相分析和断口形貌分析等方法,对比分析两种焊接工艺下焊接接头的组织特征和力学性能。结果表明,火焰钎焊时紫铜管母材未发生熔合,火焰钎焊接头主要依靠钎料浸润搭接而形成,存在明显的细小孔洞缺陷,抗拉强度为204 MPa,焊接系数仅为0.51;半自动TIG电弧熔钎焊接头内外铜管发生熔合,焊缝组织均匀,缺陷较少,抗拉强度达到238 MPa,焊接系数提高到0.60,力学性能显著提升。半自动TIG电弧熔钎焊可以有效提升紫铜管搭接接头的力学性能和密封性能,其操作简单、效率高、安全性好,在紫铜管搭接连接中具有良好的应用前景。Silicon bronze welding wire SG-CuSi3 was used as the brazing material,and industrial borax was used as the flux for flame brazing and semi-automatic TIG arc melting and brazing experiments on ϕ34 mm and ϕ38 mm copper tube lap joints.Through macro observation,hydraulic pressure test,mechanical performance test,metallographic analysis,and frac‐ture morphology analysis,the microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties of the welding joints under the two welding processes were compared and analyzed.The results show that the base material of the copper tube does not melt dur‐ing flame brazing,and the flame brazing joint is mainly formed by the infiltration of the brazing material into the lap,with obvious fine porosity defects,a tensile strength of 204 MPa,and a welding coefficient of only 0.51;the internal and external copper tubes of the semi-automatic TIG arc melting and brazing joint melt,the weld microstructure is uniform,there are fewer defects,the tensile strength reaches 238 MPa,and the welding coefficient is increased to 0.60,significantly improving the mechanical properties.Semi-automatic TIG arc melting and brazing can effectively improve the mechanical and sealing properties of copper tube lap joints,with simple operation,high efficiency,good safety,and a promising application prospect in copper tube lap connections.

关 键 词：半自动TIG熔钎焊 紫铜管搭接接头 力学性能 微观组织 火焰钎焊 

分 类 号：TG454[金属学及工艺—焊接]