不同栽培方式对林下种植黄芪品质及其土壤环境的影响  

Effects of Different Cultivation Methods on the Quality and Soil Enviroment of Astragalus membranaceus in Understory Planting

作　　者：张娜 顾文毅[1] 祁银燕 ZHANG Na;GU Wenyi;QI Yinyan(Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Qinghai University,Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Tree Genetics and Breeding Laboratory of Qinghai Plateau,Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding of Qinghai Plateau,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Xining 810016,China;Research and Utilization Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农林科学院/青海省农林科学院,青海省高原林木遗传育种重点实验室,青海高原林木遗传育种国家林业和草原局重点实验室,青海大学农林科学院/青海省农林科学,院青海省高原林木遗传育种重点实验室,青海高原林木遗传育种国家林业和草原局重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [2]青藏高原种质资源研究与利用实验室,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《甘肃林业科技》2024年第4期1-7,31,共8页Journal of Gansu Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：青海省林业和草原局“林下中藏药材生态种植复合经营技术示范项目”(青[2023]TG17)。

摘　　要：为提高山旱地土地利用率,增加林地产出,在山杏林地设置种前覆+种后不覆、种前覆+种后覆、种前不覆+种后不覆、种前不覆+种后覆4种不同抗旱保墒方式,斜栽、平栽、直栽不同栽植方式、基肥与追肥不同组合的施肥方式的试验,研究山旱地林下种植黄芪最佳栽培方式,探究林药复合种植对土壤环境的影响。结果表明山旱地林下种植黄芪:(1)采用种前覆膜+种后覆膜的抗旱保墒方式时,芦下直径粗,主根较长,总根数多,药材质量及品质最好;(2)平栽处理、有机肥+叶面喷肥时,药材质量及品质最佳,且重金属及有害元素含量更少,打尖处理影响不大;(3)采用种前覆膜+种后覆膜的方式时,土壤容重、含水量和土壤全N、速效P、速效K、有机质含量有所提高,土壤结构、透气透水性能等土壤情况有所改善。综合所述,山旱地林下种植黄芪采用平栽、种前种后都覆膜、基肥+叶面追肥处理为最佳方式。In order to improve the land utilization rate and increase the yield of forest land,four different methods like:Pre-plastic film+Non-plastic film,Pre-plastic film+After-plastic film,Non-plastic film+Non-plastic film,Non-plastic film+After-plastic film were conjunctively used,combined with drought resistance and moisture conservation were set up in the forest land of Astragalus membranaceus,additionally including different planting methods of oblique planting,flat planting and direct planting,and different combinations of base fertilizer and topdressing.Eventually exploring the effects of forest and medicinal compound planting on soil environment.The results showed that:(1)The traits and quality of A.membranaceus were the best when the method of Pre-plastic film+After-plastic film was adopted,the diameter of radix was larger,the taproot was longer and the total number of roots was larger;(2)The traits and quality of medicinal materials were the best when flat planting treatment,Organic fertilizer+Foliar spraying fertilizer,and the content of heavy metals and harmful elements was less,and the impact of sharpening treatment was marginal;(3)When the method of Pre-plastic film+After-plastic film was adopted,the soil density,water content,soil total N,available P,available K and organic matter contents were correspondingly raised,and the soil structure,air permeability and water permeability properties were effectively modified as well.In summary,the best way for planting A.membranaceus in the understory planting is flat planting,Pre-plastic film+After-plastic film,Base fertilizer+Topdressing treatment of leaf surface.

关 键 词：栽培方式 林下种植 药材品质 土壤环境 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]