野生与栽培生境下沙氏鹿茸草根际土壤真菌群落多样性比较  

Comparison of fungal community diversity in rhizosphere soil of Monochasma savatieri in wild and cultivated habitats

作　　者：罗桂生 刘素贞[1] 李峰卿[1] 曾满生[1] 邹玉玲 朱小毛[1] 周新华[1] 朱柯帆 Luo Guisheng;Liu Suzhen;Li Fengqing;Zeng Mansheng;Zou Yuling;Zhu Xiaomao;Zhou Xinhua;Zhu Kefan(Experimental Center of Subtropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Fenyi 336600,Jiangxi,China;Xinfeng County Forest Tree Breeding Farm,Xinfeng 341600,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业实验中心,江西分宜336600 [2]信丰县林木良种场,江西信丰341600

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2024年第12期53-62,共10页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：中国林科院基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFYBB2022MB005);国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2200903);新余市科技计划项目余科发(2023)32号。

摘　　要：【目的】为解决沙氏鹿茸草人工栽培相对野生生境下生长不良的问题,从根际土壤真菌角度出发,探讨人工栽培下生长不良的原因。【方法】以1种人工栽培生境和3种野生生境(油茶林、栀子林、马尾松人工林)沙氏鹿茸草根际土壤真菌为研究对象,采用野外调查、ITS高通量测序结合RDA、Mantel分析,比较栽培与野生生境根际土壤真菌种群特征。【结果】4种生境沙氏鹿茸草根际土壤中共检测到真菌15门50纲139目299科644属,其中优势真菌门均为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)。优势属共27个,马尾松人工林和油茶林下沙氏鹿茸草根际土壤中优势菌属均是古根霉属(Archaeorhizomyces),栀子林根际土壤中优势菌属为Saitozyma,人工栽培生境条件下优势菌属为白环蘑属(Leucoagaricus)。人工栽培生境下的沙氏鹿茸草根际土壤真菌群落组成与栀子林、油茶林、马尾松人工林有显著差异,并且其丰富度指数(Chao1指数)显著低于栀子林生境。真菌群落结构主要受土壤碱解N和有机质的影响,同时碱解N也是影响白环蘑属(Leucoagaricus)主要环境因子。【结论】栽培与野生生境下沙氏鹿茸草根际土壤真菌群落组成差异显著,真菌群落结构主要受土壤碱解N和有机质的影响,因此可通过施N肥等措施调控沙氏鹿茸草的生长。[Objective]In order to solve the problem of poor growth of Monoctasma savatieri in artificial cultivation compared with wild habitats,the reason for poor growth in artificial cultivation was explored from the perspective of rhizosphere soil fungi.[Method]Study subjects were fungi in rhizosphere soil of Monochasma savatieri in one artificially cultivated habitat and three wild habitats,namely Camellia oleifera forest,Gardenia jasminoides forest,and Pinus massoniana plantation.A field survey,ITS high-throughput sequencing,RDA,Mantel analysis were conducted to compare the population characteristics of fungi in rhizosphere soil of Monochasma savatieri.[Result]A total of 15 phyla,50 classes,139 orders,299 families,and 644 genera of fungi were detected in the rhizosphere soil of Monochasma savatieri in the four habitats, with the dominant phyla being Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. There were a total of 27 dominantgenera. The dominant fungal genus in rhizosphere soil of Monochasma savatieri under Pinus massonianaplantation and Camellia oleifera forest was Archaeorhizomyces, while the dominant fungal genus inrhizosphere soil of Gardenia jasminoides forest was Saitozyma. Under artificial cultivation conditions, thedominant fungal genus was Leucoagaricus. There were significant differences between fungal communitystructures of rhizosphere soil of Monochasma savatieri under artificial cultivation and wild habitats(Gardenia jasminoides forest, Camellia oleifera forest, and Pinus massoniana plantation). And its richnessindex (Chao1 index) was significantly lower than that of Gardenia jasminoides habitat. The fungalcommunity structure was mainly affected by alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen and organic matter in soil, andalkali-hydrolysable nitrogen was also a major environmental factor affecting genus Leucoagaricus.[Conclusion] There is a significant difference in composition of soil fungal communities between cultivatedand wild habitats of Monochasma savatier. The fungal community structure is mainly affected by alkalihydrolysable

关 键 词：栽培 群落多样性 土壤真菌 生境 根际土壤 沙氏鹿茸草 N肥 

分 类 号：S151.9[农业科学—土壤学] R282.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]