从羊种资源看唐宋社会的羊肉消费  

Mutton Consumption in the Tang and Song Dynasties From the Perspective of Sheep Resources

作　　者：杨小敏 揭昌亮 Yang Xiaomin;Jie Changliang

机构地区：[1]河北省社会科学院历史研究所 [2]江西省社会科学院经济研究所

出　　处：《农业考古》2024年第6期124-134,共11页Agricultural Archaeology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“宋代药业研究”(项目编号:23FZSB025)。

摘　　要：我国古代羊种资源从西部游牧地区向东扩散,逐渐走进了农耕社会生活。汉唐间,羊畜品种称谓繁杂多变,反映了人们早期对野生羊和驯化羊的初步划分及认识变化。在中唐,社会上出现不分羊种但标明产地的“河西羊”“河东羊”等名称。羊畜产品在农耕社会的肉食消费特征日益凸显。进入北宋,兼具羊畜产地和中原消费视角的“胡羊”“契丹羊”等用法更加常见。特别是仁宗以后,契丹羊畜大量南下,京畿一带至京东西路沿黄河流域附近的羊畜交易活动愈发兴盛。到神宗时,“胡羊”因产地特殊而受人追捧,“契丹羊”因供应及需求量大增而深入中原。于是尚食羊肉之风不仅流行于北宋上层人士生活,还极大影响了普通民众对羊畜产品的认识及利用。“契丹羊”(“白羊”)的药食用法开始得到显著认可及推广。到南宋,虽然羊种资源受地理环境制约,但北人南下所保留的尚食羊肉观念依然随着南方羊畜产品本地化、精细化消费得以延续。In ancient times the sheep resources of our country spread from the western nomadic areas to the east and gradually entered the agricultural social life.The names of sheep breeds in the Han and Tang Dynasties were complicated and varied,which reflected the preliminary division and understanding change of wild sheep and domesticated sheep in the early period.In the Middle Tang Dynasty,the names"Hexi sheep"and"Hedong sheep"showing the place of origin appeared in the society,regardless of the sheep breeds.The meat consumption characteristics of sheep products in agricultural society were increasingly prominent.In the Northern Song Dynasty,the usage of"Hu sheep"and"Khitan sheep"from both the perspective of sheep origin and consumption in the Central Plains became more common.Especially after the reign of Emperor Renzong,a large number of Khitan sheep moved south,and the sheep trading activities became more and more prosperous from the area of capital to the Jingdong Xilu administrative region along the Yellow River basin.During the reign of Emperor Shenzong,"Hu sheep"was sought after by people because of its special origin,and"Khitan sheep"went deep into the Central Plains because of the large supply and demand.Therefore,the trend of eating mutton was not only popular in the life of the upper class in the Northern Song Dynasty,but also greatly affected the common people's understanding and utilization of sheep products.The medicinal use of"Khitan sheep"(white sheep)began to be significantly recognized and promoted.In the Southern Song Dynasty,although the sheep resources were restricted by the geographical environment,the concept of eating mutton preserved by the northern people who migrated south still continued with the localization and refined consumption of sheep products in the south.

关 键 词：羊种资源 唐宋 羊肉消费 

分 类 号：K242[历史地理—历史学]