中国文人山水精神析论  

An Analysis of the Landscape Spirit of Chinese Literati

作　　者：肖献军[1] XIAO Xian-jun(College of Literature and Law,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Yongzhou 425100,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技学院文法学院,湖南永州425100

出　　处：《海南师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期102-110,共9页Journal of Hainan Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部社会科学规划课题“湘南摩崖石刻文献整理与文学书写研究”(23YJA751022);湖南省高校教学改革研究项目“永州地方文化与中国古代文学课程体系重构研究”(HNJG-2022-1057);湖南科技学院新文科研究与实践项目“交叉学科视域下中国古代文学课程体系重构研究”(XWK2022005)。

摘　　要：人与自然山水的关系是一个永恒的话题。文人在创作文学作品时,或把自身情感投射到山水之上,使山水带有个人情感;或以山水为情感的触发点,借助江山风景创作出更多优秀作品。隐逸文人陶渊明较早从宇宙空间的角度去观览自然的变化,他试图在物我两忘的境界中摆脱现实生活的痛苦,这对孟浩然、王维的山水诗具有一定启发意义。入世文人则试图从万物的生长中汲取精神力量,他们更善于发现身边自然山水之美,以柳宗元《永州八记》为代表的游记散文揭示了身处困境中的文人是如何借助山水来消遣忧愁及摆脱痛苦的。宋代理学流行,以苏轼为代表的文人既能享受俗世的欢乐,又能神游物外、进入精神绝对自由境界。苏轼解决了千百年来入世文人难以解决的精神问题,为后世文人提供了可以效仿的范例。The The relationship between humans and natural landscapes is an eternal topic.When creating literary works,scholars may project their own emotions onto mountains and rivers,imbuing them with personal emotions;or create more excellent works with the help of the scenery of the mountains and rivers by using mountains and rivers as emotional triggers.Tao Yuanming,a recluse scholar,was an early observer of natural changes from the perspective of cosmic space,and he tried to escape the pain of real life in a state of forgetfulness between things and self,which has some inspiration for Meng Haoran's and Wang Wei's landscape poems.The worldly scholars tried to draw spiritual strength from the growth of all things,and they were more capable of discovering the beauty of the natural landscapes around them,as is manifest in the travel essays represented by Liu Zongyuan's Notes on Eight Journeys to Yongzhou which reveal how scholars in difficult situations would resort to mountains and waters to relieve their sorrow and pain.In the Song Dynasty,Neo-Confucianism was prevalent,and scholars represented by Su Shi could not only enjoy secular pleasures but also transcend material world and enter the realm of absolute spiritual freedom.In a word,Su Shi has solved the spiritual problems beyond the solution of scholars for thousands of years,thereby providing a model for later scholars to follow.

关 键 词：人与自然 山水文学 陶渊明 柳宗元 苏轼 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学] G03[文化科学]