油葵不同器官中U和Pb的累积与离子分配规律  

Accumulation and Ion Partitioning Patterns of U and Pb in Different Organs of Oil Sunflower

作　　者：郑升 晏磊 卫凤君 罗学刚[1] 张宇 ZHENG Sheng;YAN Lei;WEI Fengjun;LUO Xuegang;ZHANG Yu(School of Life Science and Engineering,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《防化研究》2024年第6期66-76,共11页CBRN DEFENSE

基　　金：国家国防基础科研计划项目(16ZG6101)。

摘　　要：铀(U)矿开采极大促进了我国核电工业的发展,但大量尾矿堆积导致的土壤U污染问题日益加重,对生态环境和人类健康造成了极大威胁。向日葵对U有较强的富集能力,被认为是一种良好的U污染土壤修复植物,可大面积种植用于土壤修复。探究向日葵是否兼具放射性物质富集和油料作物的特性,可为实现U矿冶行业的可持续发展以及土壤资源的有效利用提供一定的理论依据。因此,本研究以某油用向日葵(油葵)为研究对象,探究了油葵器官中U和铅(Pb)的累积规律以及离子代谢。结果表明,该油葵品种在生殖器官(花盘、籽仁、籽壳)中表现出极低的富集能力,U和Pb由茎向叶中转移的能力最大。对不同器官中的矿质元素代谢分析发现,受到低浓度(25 mg/kg)U和Pb处理后,油葵根系中大部分元素(Fe、Mn、Zn和Al)含量均呈上升趋势;100 mg/kg U的处理降低了根中K的含量,100 mg/kg U+Pb的处理也降低了根中P、Fe、Mn的含量;Pb的处理阻碍了籽仁中S、P、K等元素的累积,但增加了Fe、Al、Cu等元素的累积;U、Pb的处理干扰了壳中K、S、Fe、Cu含量的变化。相关网络结果表明,根中U的累积与K元素呈负相关,与S元素呈正相关;在叶片中,U和Pb也存在一定的互作关系,壳中U的累积可能与Fe的转运相关。Uranium(U)mining has greatly promoted the development of China’s nuclear power industry,but the problem of U contamination in soil caused by the massive accumulation of tailings has worsened,posing a great threat to the ecological environment and human health.Sunflower has a strong enrichment capacity for U and is considered a good plant for remediation of U-contaminated soil,which can be planted on a large scale for soil remediation.Exploring whether sunflower has both radioactive enrichment and oil crop properties can provide some theoretical basis for realizing the sustainable development of the U mining and metallurgy industries,as well as the effective use of soil resourcing.Therefore,this study focused on oil sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.)to investigate the accumulation patterns of U and lead(Pb)in the organs of the sunflower as well as their ion metabolism.The results showed that this oil sunflower variety exhibited very low enrichment capacity in reproductive organs(disk,seed husk and seed kernel)and the greatest transfer capability of U and Pb from stems to leaves.Analysis of mineral element metabolism in different organs revealed that most of the elements(Fe,Mn,Zn and Al)in the root system of oil sunflower showed an increasing trend after low concentrations(25 mg/kg)of U and Pb treatment.100 mg/kg U treatment reduced the content of K in the roots.100 mg/kg U+Pb contamination also reduced the content of P,Fe and Mn in the roots.Pb treatment hindered the accumulation of S,P and K in the kernel and increased the accumulation of Fe,Al and Cu,etc.U and Pb pollution interfered with the changes in K,S,Fe and Cu contents in shells.The results of the correlation network showed a negative correlation between the nutrient elements K and U in the roots.The accumulation of U in roots was positively correlated with the element S.In addition,U and Pb showed mutualistic interactions in the leaves.The accumulation of U in shells may be related to the translocation of Fe.

关 键 词：油葵 铀/铅 累积特性 离子组代谢 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]