我国部分地区牛赤羽病的流行病学调查及分析  

Epidemiological investigation and analysis of bovine Akabane disease in some areas of China

作　　者：李昊 王雪妍 郭雪莲 温宏武 李永琴[1] 靳双媛 许立华[1] LI Hao;WANG Xue-yan;GUO Xue-lian;WEN Hong-wu;LI Yong-qin;JIN Shuang-yuan;XU Li-hua(College of Animal Science and Technology of Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Husbandry Service Center of Yanchi Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Yanchi 751500,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学动物科技学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏吴忠市盐池县农业农村局畜牧技术推广服务中心,宁夏盐池751500

出　　处：《中国预防兽医学报》2024年第10期1021-1025,1042,共6页Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：宁夏奶牛育种专项“优质高产奶牛安全健康养殖技术研究与示范”(2019NYYZ0503);宁夏动物疫病净化科技创新团队项目(2020CXTDLX05)。

摘　　要：为了解我国部分地区牛赤羽病的流行情况和流行特点,本研究采用一步法RT-PCR和竞争ELISA方法同时对2023年~2024年采自我国12个省份87家牧场的1 284份血清样品分别检测赤羽病毒(AKAV)及其抗体。结果显示,8个省份的16家牧场检出阳性,所有血清样品AKAV总核酸阳性率为0.7%(9/1284),总抗体阳性率为2.8%(36/1284);各省份AKAV核酸、抗体阳性率均在18.75%以内,其中河南地区抗体阳性率为18.75%(3/18)、福建地区抗体阳性率为14.55%(8/55)、安徽地区核酸阳性率为11.43%(4/35)及安徽地区抗体阳性率为11.43%(4/35),均大于10.00%。海拔1 500 m以上地区AKAV的核酸阳性率为0.39%(3/778)和抗体阳性率为1.16%(9/778),均显著低于海拔500 m以下或海拔在500 m~1 500 m的地区(P<0.05),整体上AKAV抗体阳性率和核酸阳性率随海拔增加呈下降趋势。除温带大陆性气候地区和温带季风气候地区之间AKAV核酸阳性率差异不显著以外(P>0.05),其他气候的不同地区间差异显著(P<0.05),其中亚热带季风气候地区的AKAV阳性率最高,核酸阳性率为3.81%(4/105),抗体阳性率为11.43%(12/105)。根据不同季节的检测结果分析,夏季和秋季AKAV抗体阳性率分别为6.00%(15/250)和4.70%(14/298),均显著高于春季1.66%(5/302)和冬季0.46%(2/434)的抗体阳性率(P<0.05)。以上结果表明2022年~2023年我国部分地区牛赤羽病毒的感染率较低,且其分布符合虫媒病毒所具有的周期性、地域性以及季节性的流行特点。本研究为赤羽病的科学防控提供数据支持和参考依据。To understand the prevalence and characteristics of Akabane virus in cattle in some areas of China,this study applied a one-step RT-PCR and a competitive ELISA method to detect Akabane virus(AKAV)and antibodies against AKAV,respectively.We investigated 1284 serum samples collected from 87 farms in 12 provinces of China from 2023 to 2024.The results showed that 16 farms were positive for AKAV in 8 provinces,with an overall nucleic acid positivity rate of 0.7%(9/1284)and an antibody positivity rate of 2.8%(36/1284).The positivity rates of AKAV nucleic acid and antibodies in each province were within 18.75%,among which the antibody positivity rate in Henan was 18.75% (3/18) and in Fujian was 14.55% (8/55). The nucleic acid and the antibody positivityrate in Anhui were 11.43% (4/35) and 11.43% (4/35), respectively, above 10.00%. The AKAV nucleic acid positivity rate of regionsabove 1500 meters altitude was 0.39% (3/778), and the antibody positivity rate was 1.16% (9/778), which were significantly lower thanregions below 500 meters altitude or between 500 meters to 1500 meters altitude (P<0.05). Overall, the antibody and nucleic acidpositivity rates decreased with increasing altitude. The nucleic acid positivity rate difference between temperate continental andtemperate monsoon climate regions was insignificant (P>0.05). Still, the difference between different climates was significant (P<0.05),with the highest positivity rate in subtropical monsoon climate regions, where the nucleic acid positivity rate of AKAV was 3.81%(4/105). The antibody positivity rate was 11.43% (12/105). According to the analysis of data from different seasons, the antibodypositivity rates in summer and autumn for AKAV were 6.00% (15/250) and 4.70% (14/298), significantly higher than the rates in spring1.66% (5/302) and winter 0.46% (2/434). The above results indicate that the infection rate of Akabane disease is relatively low in someareas of China from 2022 to 2023, and its distribution conforms to the cyclical, regional and seasonal epidemic

关 键 词：赤羽病 一步法RT-PCR 竞争ELISA 流行病学调查 

分 类 号：S852.65[农业科学—基础兽医学]