发酵饲料对刺参生长及其肠道、养殖水体菌群的影响  

Effects of fermented feed on the growth of Apostichopus japonicus and its intestinal and water microbial communities

作　　者：刘兢文 韦英华 王翰林 LIU Jingwen;WEI Yinghua;WANG Hanlin(Key Laboratory of Mariculture&Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,College of Fisheries and Life Science,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学水产与生命学院,农业农村部北方海水增养殖重点实验室,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《河北渔业》2024年第12期12-17,F0003,共7页

摘　　要：为深入研究发酵饲料对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)苗种培育的效应,试验对比了两种发酵饲料的差异,评估它们对刺参苗种生长速率与存活率的影响,并通过高通量测序分析了饲料对养殖池水和刺参肠道菌群结构的差异和关联。试验选取75 kg健康刺参苗种,分为未发酵饲料组(CT)、枯草芽孢杆菌发酵饲料组(BA)和布氏乳杆菌发酵饲料组(LAB),每组3个平行。结果显示,LAB组的特定生长率(4.14%±0.55%)最高,显著高于CT组(3.36%±0.42%)和BA组(3.8%±0.75%);BA组存活率最高(79.7%±2.74%),显著高于LAB组(70.28%±1.11%)和CT组(72.42%±6.18%)。发酵饲料组的增重率和饲料系数优势明显。肠道菌群丰度和多样性显著高于水体(P<0.05),LAB组和BA组的CHAO1指数、香农指数均高于CT组,发酵饲料增加了变形菌门和疣微菌门相对丰度。发酵饲料对肠道菌群有促进作用,提高了刺参的存活率和增重率,并增加了水体菌群丰度,对水体生态平衡有正面影响。To investigate the effects of fermented feed on the cultivation of juvenile sea cucumbers(Apostichopus japonicus),the impact of two types of fermented feed were examined on the growth and survival of juvenile sea cucumbers.High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the differences and correlations in the microbial community structure between the culture water and the intestines of the sea cucumbers.75 kg healthy juvenile sea cucumbers were selected and divided into three groups:the unfermented feed group(CT),the Bacillus subtilis fermented feed group(BA),and the Lactobacillus buchneri fermented feed group(LAB),with three replicates for each group.The results showed that the specific growth rate(SGR)was the highest in the LAB group(4.14%±0.55%),significantly higher than that in the CT group(3.36%±0.42%)and the BA group(3.8%±0.75%).The survival rate was the highest in the BA group(79.7%±2.74%),significantly higher than that in the LAB group(70.28%±1.11%)and the CT group(72.42%±6.18%).The fermented feed groups also exhibited significant advantages in terms of weight gain rate and feed conversion ratio.The intestinal microbial community's abundance and diversity were significantly higher than those in the water(p<0.05).The Chao1 and Shannon indices in the LAB and BA groups were higher than those in the CT group.Fermented feed increased the relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria and enhanced the relative abundance of the phylum Verrucomicrobia.Fermented feed positively influenced the intestinal microbiota,improving the survival rate and weight gain rate of the sea cucumbers,and increased the microbial abundance in the water,contributing to ecological balance in the aquatic environment.

关 键 词：刺参(Apostichopus japonicus) 发酵饲料 生长 高通量测序 菌群 

分 类 号：S968.9[农业科学—水产养殖]