多源星载微波传感器在台风“小犬”强度和风场结构分析中的应用研究  

Application of multi-source spaceborne microwave sensors observations in the analysis of intensity and wind structure of typhoon Koinu

作　　者：方贺 张驰[4] 严睿恺 董林 杨劲松 张国胜 FANG He;ZHANG Chi;YAN Ruikai;DONG Lin;YANG Jingsong;ZHANG Guosheng(Zhejiang Climate Center,Hangzhou 310051,China;Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster,Ministry of Education/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather,Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Zhejiang Meteorological Information Network Center,Hangzhou 310051,China;Zhejiang Meteorological Observatory,Hangzhou 310051,China;National Meteorological Centre,Beijing 100081,China;State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics,Second Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Hangzhou 310012,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省气候中心,杭州310051 [2]南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室/气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京210044 [3]中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室,北京100081 [4]浙江省气象信息网络中心,杭州310051 [5]浙江省气象台,杭州310051 [6]国家气象中心,北京100081 [7]自然资源部第二海洋研究所卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室,杭州310012

出　　处：《气象学报》2024年第6期816-826,共11页Acta Meteorologica Sinica

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金(ZJMZ25D050006、LQ21D060001);国家自然科学基金(42305153);华东区域气象科技协同创新基金(QYHZ202307);中国气象局风云卫星应用先行计划(FY-APP-2021.0105);中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2022J040);中国气象局青年创新团队(CMA2023QN12);浙江省气象局科技项目(2021YB07、2022ZD06、2024YB06);气象灾害教育部重点实验室&气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心联合开放课题(KLME202408);灾害天气国家重点实验室开放课题(2024LASW-B22)。

摘　　要：星载微波传感器可以穿透云雾对海面10 m高度风场进行全天时、全天候和大范围的直接观测,这为台风强度和风场结构的变化监测提供了契机。以2023年超强台风“小犬”为研究对象,基于主动式星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)和被动式微波辐射计提供的长时序观测资料,在风暴生命周期内对台风强度、最大风速半径(RMW)和风圈半径等信息进行识别,并利用国际气候管理最佳轨迹档案(IBTrACS)数据集和国家气象中心(NMC)实况资料进行验证。结果表明,利用星载微波传感器提取的台风强度与IBTrACS记录强度具有较好的一致性,两者均方根误差(RMSE)为3.8 m/s,相关系数达0.91。同样地,基于卫星提取的RMW与IBTrACS资料也具有较好的一致性,两者RMSE为6.12 km。对于风圈半径,卫星提取的7级(R7)、10级(R10)和12级(R12)风圈半径和NMC实况资料的RMSE分别为102、43和35 km。对于台风“小犬”这类具有长生命期的风暴,利用主动式星载SAR和被动式辐射计资料进行多时段联合观测,可为精细化台风风场监测及其强度和结构的变化研究提供重要数据支撑。Spaceborne microwave sensors can penetrate clouds and fog to directly measure 10 m ocean sea surface wind in any weather condition and at any time with a wide swath.These advantages provide an opportunity for monitoring the variation of typhoon intensity and wind field structure.Taking super typhoon Koinu(2023)as the research object,this paper estimates the typhoon intensity,radius of maximum wind(RMW)and wind radii from the long time series of measurements of active spaceborne synthetic aperture radar(SAR)and passive microwave radiometer.The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship(IBTrACS)data and National Meteorological Center(NMC)real time meteorological data are used to validate our retrieval results.The results indicate that typhoon intensities estimated from observations of spaceborne microwave sensors are in better agreement with IBTrACS reports with the high correlation of 0.91 and RMSE of 3.8 m/s.Similarly,satellite-estimated RMW is in good agreement with IBTrACS data with the RMSE of 6.12 km.For wind radii,the RMSEs between satellite-estimated and NMC data are 102 km(R7,radius of moderate gale),43 km(R10,radius of whole wind)and 35 km(R12,radius of hurricane wind),respectively.Moreover,for a TC with a long lifecycle such as typhoon Koinu(2023),we demonstrate that multitemporal synergistic observations from SAR and radiometers could provide valuable data support for studying fine-scale features of the wind field and the evolution of typhoon intensity and wind structure.

关 键 词：台风强度 台风风圈半径 最大风速半径 星载合成孔径雷达 星载微波辐射计 

分 类 号：P458[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]