高铁站内受电弧热侵蚀钢轨表面熔池研究  

Study on the Molten Pool on Steel Rail Surfaces due to Electric Arc Thermal Erosion inside High-Speed Railway Stations

作　　者：张友鹏[1] 丁彦龙 李军丽[1] 郑泽荣 ZHANG Youpeng;DING Yanlong;LI Junli;ZHENG Zerong(School of Automatic and Electrical Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学自动化与电气工程学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2024年第6期72-80,共9页China Railway Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51967010);兰州交通大学青年科学研究基金资助项目(2019033)。

摘　　要：为探明列车经过高铁站内机械绝缘节时高温电弧对钢轨材料的侵蚀影响,基于磁流体动力学理论,耦合电磁场、流场和热场的相互作用,在建立电弧模型和钢轨表面熔池模型的基础上,计算不同电弧电流和发生频次下钢轨表面热流密度及熔池的宽度、深度和面积,分析电弧电流和发生频次对钢轨侵蚀的影响。结果表明:电弧热场作用下钢轨表面的热流密度呈高斯分布,峰值可达220 MW·m^(-2);电弧电流超过100 A时,电弧的单次作用即可在钢轨表面上形成熔池;随着电弧电流和发生频次的增加,熔池的宽度和深度都会增大,电弧电流主要影响钢轨熔池沿径向发展,而电弧发生频次主要影响钢轨熔池沿轴向发展;牵引等级超过5级或者电弧发生频次不小于4次时,钢轨表面出现伤损。通过控制列车发车时的牵引等级不超过5级或减少电弧发生频次,可以在一定程度上减少电弧对钢轨的侵蚀。In order to investigate the erosion effect of high temperature arc on rail material when the train passes through the mechanical insulation section in high-speed railway stations,based on the magnetohydrodynamic theory,coupled with the interaction of electromagnetic field,flow field and thermal field,and based on the establishment of the arc model and the molten pool model on the rail surface,the heat flow density on the rail surface and the width,depth and area of the molten pool under the different arc currents and the frequency of occurrence are calculated,and the effects of arc current and frequency on the erosion of rail are analyzed.The results show that:the heat flow density on the rail surface under the action of arc heat field is Gaussian distribution,and the peak value can be up to 220 MW·m^(-2);when the arc current is more than 100 A,the single action of the arc can form a molten pool on the surface of the rail;with the increase of the arc current and the frequency of its occurrence,the width and depth of the molten pool will increase,and the arc current mainly influences the development of molten pool of the rail along the radial direction;the frequency of the occurrence of arc current mainly influences the development of molten pool of the rail along the axial direction.When the traction grade is more than 5 or the frequency of arc occurrence is not less than 4 times,rail surface will be damaged.By controlling the traction level not more than 5 or reducing the frequency of arc occurrence when the train starts,the erosion of arc on the rail can be reduced to a certain extent.

关 键 词：钢轨侵蚀 高铁站内 电弧 电流 熔池 磁流体动力学 多物理场 

分 类 号：U213.4[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]