不同覆盖方式对云南夏秋娃娃菜生产的影响  

Effects of different mulching patterns on summer and autumn baby cabbage production in Yunnan Province

作　　者：杨红丽[1] 胡靖锋[1] 徐学忠[1] 兰梅[1] 张丽琴[1] 和江明[1] 全伟[2] YANG Hong-li;HU Jing-feng;XU Xue-zhong;LAN Mei;ZHANG Li-qin;HE Jiang-ming;QUAN Wei(Horticultural Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China;Yunnan Rural Science and Technology Service Center,Kunming 650021,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院园艺作物研究所,昆明650205 [2]云南省农村科技服务中心,昆明650021

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2024年第12期77-80,共4页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系昆明综合试验站项目(CARS-23-G33);云南省“万人计划”产业领军人才项目(YNWR-CYJS-2018-040);2022年云南省通海县蔬菜科技特派团项目(202204BI090023);云南地方特色蔬菜种质资源发掘与新品种选育研究项目(202302AE09006);云南种子种业联合实验室项目(202205AR070001);云南省十字花科蔬菜育种创新团队项目(202405AS350017)。

摘　　要：为提高夏秋娃娃菜的产量和品质,实现节本增效,研究了不同覆盖方式对云南夏秋娃娃菜生产的影响。设置防草地布(A_(1))、黑色地膜(A_(2))、无色地膜(A_(3))、露地(CK)4个处理,分析了3种覆盖方式对云南夏秋娃娃菜生长、产量及种植效益的影响。结果表明,处理A_(1)、A_(2)、A_(3)根部土壤温度较CK分别升高1.0、5.0、2.4℃,产量较CK分别增加7.0%、5.2%、3.3%,净收益较CK分别增加14.8%、10.5%、3.5%。在夏秋高温多湿天气条件下,处理A_(1)与A_(2)、A_(3)相比,A_(1)增温幅度小,可以保证娃娃菜根部温度,同时又透气散热,不会造成娃娃菜根部高温障碍;处理A_(2)、A_(3)增温幅度大,根部温度高,生长受阻;处理A_(1)与A_(2)、A_(3)相比,产量和种植效益差异显著(P<0.05)。夏秋种植娃娃菜宜选择防草地布覆盖,保持土壤湿度,防止水分和养分流失,实现抑制杂草生长和增产增收的效果。This study aimed to improve the yield and quality of baby cabbage in summer and autumn,and achieve cost saving and effi⁃ciency enhancement.The effects of three different covering methods on summer and autumn baby cabbage in Yunnan high mountain plateau were studied.Four treatments were set up:anti grassland cloth(A_(1)),black plastic film(A_(2)),colorless plastic film(A_(3)),and open field(CK),and the effects of three thin cover methods on the growth,yield,and planting efficiency of summer and autumn baby cabbage in Yunnan high mountain plateau were analyzed.The soil temperature at the roots of A_(1),A_(2),and A_(3)increased by 1.0℃,5.0℃,and 2.4℃compared to CK,and the yield increased by 7.0%,5.2%,and 3.3%compared to CK.The planting efficiency in⁃creased by 14.8%,10.5%,and 3.5%compared to CK.Under high temperature and humid weather conditions in summer and autumn,compared with A_(2)and A_(3),A_(1)had a smaller increase in temperature,which could ensure the root temperature of baby cabbage while breathing and dissipating heat,without causing high temperature obstacles in the root of baby cabbage.A_(2)and A_(3)had a large increase in temperature,resulting in high root temperature and hindered growth.Compared with A_(2)and A_(3),A1 had significant differences in yield and planting efficiency.In conclusion,when planting baby cabbage in summer and autumn,it was advisable to choose anti grass⁃land cloth coverage to ensure soil moisture preservation and nutrient utilization,prevent water and nitrogen loss,and achieve the effect of inhibiting weed growth and increasing yield and income.

关 键 词：覆盖方式 夏秋娃娃菜 种植效益 云南 

分 类 号：S634.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]