10种澳洲坚果的开花结实特性及品质性状分析  

Analysis of Flowering and Fruiting Characteristics and Quality Traits in 10 varieties of Macadamia integrifolia

作　　者：巫辅民 曾黎明[1] 李季东 潘如军 黄思婕 蔡元保[1] 黄锦媛[1] 李穆[1] 胡玲 WU FuMin;ZENG Li Ming;LI JiDong;PAN RuJun;HUANG SiJie;CAI YuanBao;Huang JinYuan;Li Mu;Hu Ling(Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruits,Nanning,Guangxi 530001,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所/广西亚热带特色水果质量安全控制重点实验室,广西南宁530001

出　　处：《农业研究与应用》2024年第3期207-216,共10页Agricultural Research and Application

基　　金：广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD18281005、桂科﹝2018﹞218号);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2023YM16、桂农科2021YT155、桂农科﹝2020﹞28号、桂农科﹝2023﹞10号)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究广西南宁地区澳洲坚果的开花结实特性、果实品质性状及各果实品质性状之间的相关性,为澳洲坚果良种选育及推广提供参考依据。【方法】以10种澳洲坚果为研究对象,采用挂牌记录法观察其开花结实特性,并对果实品质性状(鲜果质量、出种率、果壳厚度、果仁质量、出仁率、脂肪、蛋白质等)进行测定,分析各果实品质性状间的差异与相关性。【结果】10种澳洲坚果的开花期存在一定差异,其中O.C、S1、桂热1号和JW的花期为3月上旬至3月下旬,其它6个品种花期为3月中旬至4月上旬。不同品种花序长度、小花数量及结实率均存在显著差异,其中HAES695和JW花序长度显著高于其它品种,JW、HAES695、桂热引4号、桂热9号和A16的小花数量较多(>200朵/序);桂热1号结实率显著高于其它品种,其次为JW和S2。不同品种果实的各品质性状存在显著差异,以桂热引4号鲜果质量最大,果皮最厚,出种率和总糖含量最低;桂热9号果壳最厚,出仁率、脂肪、全钾和钙含量最低;S1果小,果皮最薄,出种率和蛋白质含量最高,锌含量最低;S2脂肪和总糖含量最高,果仁质量最小;HAES695出仁率较高,鲜果质量最小;A4外观品质最优,果壳最薄,出仁率和果仁质量最高;桂热1号、A16、O.C和JW各项品质性状综合表现优良。相关性分析表明,10种澳洲坚果果实的品质性状间存在显著或极显著相关。【结论】综合来看,10种澳洲坚果开花结实及品质性状差异较大,其中O.C、S1、桂热1号和JW花期较早,桂热1号、JW和S2的结实率较高,A4果实的外观品质最优,其次为桂热1号、A16、O.C和JW。【Objective】This study investigated the flowering and fruiting characteristics,fruit quality traits and the correlations between various fruit quality traits in macadamia in Nanning,Guangxi,aiming to provide a reference for breeding and popularization of macadamia varieties.【Method】The flowering and fruiting characteristics in 10 macadamia(Macadamia integrifolia)varieties were observed by using the label-hanging method.The fruit quality traits(fruit mass,seed production rate,thickness of shell,dry mass kernel,kernel rate,fat,protein,etc.)were determined,and the differences and correlations between the fruit quality traits were analyzed.【Result】The results showed that there were some differences in the flowering time of 10 macadamia varieties.The flowering stage of O.C,S1,GR1 and JW was from early to late March,while the flowering stage of other 6 varieties was from mid-March to early April.There were significant differences in inflorescence length,flowers per inflorescence and fruit set rate in the 10 macadamia varieties.The inflorescence length in HAES695 and JW were significantly higher than that in the other varieties,and the flowers per inflorescence in JW,HAES695,GRY4,GR9 and A16 were more than 200.The fruit set rate in GR1 was significantly higher than that in the other varieties,followed by JW and S2.There were significant differences in fruit quality traits in different varieties.The fresh fruit in GRY4 was the largest,but the pericarp was the thickest,and the seed production rate and total sugar content were the lowest.GR9 had the thickest shell and the lowest kernel rate,and fat,potasium,and calcium contents.The fresh fruit in S1 was small,the pericarp was thinnest,the seed production rate and protein content were the highest,and the zinc content was the lowest.The contents of fat and total sugar in S2 were the highest,and the dry mass kernel was the lowest.The kernel rate in HAES695 was relatively high,but the fresh fruit was the lowest.A4 had the best fruit appearance quality,the thinnest s

关 键 词：澳洲坚果 开花结实 品质性状 相关性 

分 类 号：S664.9[农业科学—果树学]